Classroom Management Strategies of Christian Religious Education (PAK) Teachers in Creating a Conducive Learning Environment for Grade X-MPK 3 Students at SMK Negeri 2 Palangka Raya

Abstract

This study was motivated by the importance of effective classroom management strategies in creating a conducive learning environment for Christian Religious Education (PAK). Effective classroom management is essential to ensure that learning takes place actively, purposefully, and in accordance with educational objectives. This study aims to describe the classroom management strategies used by PAK teachers in creating a conducive learning environment for tenth-grade students in Class X-MPK 3 at SMKN 2 Palangka Raya. A qualitative approach with a descriptive method was employed. Data were collected through observation, interviews, and documentation, and analyzed through data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drawing. The findings indicate that PAK teachers implemented diverse and flexible strategies, including (1) direct instruction, (2) indirect instruction, (3) interactive learning, (4) persuasive approaches, (5) variations in teaching methods and media, (6) preventive and curative classroom management, and (7) learning environment organization. These strategies were systematically applied through introductory, core, and concluding stages, creating an active, focused, and conducive learning environment. However, challenges included afternoon classes, student drowsiness, lack of focus, cellphone use, peer distractions, and inconsistent learning motivation.