EDUJAVARE: International Journal of Educational Research
EDUJAVARE: International Journal of Educational Research (e-ISSN: 3031-2884) published twice a year (in June and December) by Edujavare Publishing. This is a multi-disciplinary scientific journal as a dialogue medium of education, social and culture issues. EDUJAVARE: International Journal of Educational Research is The RISTEKBRIN Accredited National Scientific Journal Rank 4 (SINTA 4).
License: CC BY-SA 4.0 (Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License)
Model of Internalization of Religious Values in the Formation of Civil Rights Legal Awareness Based on Collaborative Governance
Civil Servants (ASN) are a key element of government administration and are required not only to be professional but also to possess a strong legal awareness and public service ethics. This study aims to analyze the relationship between religious values, legal awareness, and Collaborative Governance in the governance of the Salatiga City DPRD Secretariat. The study used a qualitative approach with a descriptive case study design, while data were collected through interviews, observations, and documentation, then analyzed using the interactive model of Miles, Huberman, and Saldaña. The results of the study indicate that religious values internalized through Khotmil Qur'an activities, social awareness, and religious tolerance serve as the foundation of organizational ethics that strengthen the character of ASN, while legal awareness is built through legal training, work discipline, and the use of information technology to support institutional transparency and accountability. In addition, Collaborative Governance serves as a governance framework that connects moral values and legal compliance with communication, trust, and shared responsibility in public services. Thus, the governance of the Salatiga City DPRD Secretariat demonstrates that the integration of religious values, legal awareness, and a collaborative work culture can form a bureaucracy that is ethical, professional, humanistic, and responsive to the needs of the community.
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The Shift in Ideological Orientation of Muhammadiyah Youth as an Effort to Maintain Religious Harmony in Lamongan Regency
This study examines the shift in ideological orientation among youth within Muhammadiyah in Lamongan Regency amid increasing exposure to diverse religious discourses and socio-cultural dynamics. The research aims to analyze the factors driving ideological transformation and its implications for maintaining religious harmony. Employing a qualitative descriptive-analytical approach, data were collected through in-depth interviews, participant observation, and document analysis involving selected Muhammadiyah youth cadres, and analyzed using an interactive model grounded in Rational Choice Theory. The findings reveal that ideological shifts occur in multidirectional patterns, ranging from more conservative scripturalist tendencies to more accommodative and culturally adaptive orientations. These transformations are influenced by higher education environments, transnational religious exposure, and local social interactions, while organizational affiliation remains stable due to rational considerations such as social capital and institutional attachment. The study concludes that such ideological flexibility does not necessarily weaken organizational cohesion but instead creates opportunities for fostering inclusive and dialogical religious practices that support social harmony. This research contributes to the development of a nuanced framework for understanding Islamic youth dynamics by emphasizing the interplay between individual agency, institutional context, and socio-cultural influences.
Copyright (c) 2026 EDUJAVARE: International Journal of Educational Research https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
The Influence of Transformational Leadership and Organizational Culture on Teacher Performance in Formal Schools in the Scope of Islamic Boarding Schools in Bangil District Pasuruan
This study aims to determine the influence of transformational leadership and organizational culture on teacher performance in formal schools within Islamic boarding schools (pesantren) throughout Bangil District. The data collection method used was questionnaire documentation. The population in this study was all teachers at two Islamic boarding schools: Roudlotul Aqoidi Islamic Boarding School and Darut Tauhid Islamic Boarding School, which have formal junior high schools. The sampling method used was probability sampling, where all members of the population had the opportunity to be selected. Since the population size was less than 100, the sampling requirement was to take all 31 members of the population. The data analysis techniques used in this study included validity testing, reliability testing, multiple regression equation testing, and hypothesis testing. The results of the study indicate that transformational leadership and organizational culture significantly influence teacher performance in formal schools within Islamic boarding schools throughout Bangil District, amounting to 74.4%.
Islamic Religious Education Teachers' Strategies in Improving Students' Discipline of Fardhu Prayers at State Elementary School UPT 158 Mundan, Enrekang District
This study aims to describe and analyze in depth: (1) the strategies employed by Islamic Religious Education (PAI) teachers in improving students' obligatory prayer (shalat fardhu) discipline; (2) the effectiveness of those strategies; and (3) the supporting and inhibiting factors at UPT SD Negeri 158 Mundan, Enrekang Regency. A descriptive qualitative approach was adopted, with data gathered through participatory observation, in-depth semi-structured interviews, and documentation. Eight informants participated: the school principal, one PAI teacher, five class teachers (grades II–VI), and student representatives. Data analysis followed the Miles & Huberman model: data reduction, data display, and conclusion drawing/verification. Data credibility was ensured through source, method, and instrument triangulation. Findings reveal: (1) Applied strategies encompass six main components: habituating congregational prayer, teacher role modeling, positive reinforcement through rewards, personal approaches and intensive parental communication, integrating prayer values into instruction, and continuous evaluation/monitoring; (2) These strategies proved effective, evidenced by improved prayer punctuality, active congregational participation, and the growth of intrinsic worship awareness among students; (3) Supporting factors include institutional commitment, synergy between the PAI teacher and class teachers, parental support, and a conducive religious environment; inhibiting factors include limited student awareness, insufficient prayer habituation at home, peer influence, dense activity schedules, and limited prayer room capacity. The study concludes that obligatory prayer, within the elementary education context, functions not only as a ritual obligation but also as a medium for character formation—cultivating discipline, responsibility, and peace of mind—which positively influences students' learning attitudes and social life.
Syekh Nawawi al-Bantani’s Thought on Adab Toward Others and Its Relevance in Contemporary Islamic Education
The thoughts of Sheikh Nawawi al-Bantani are an important part of the Islamic tradition in Indonesia. The objectives of this study are 1) To analyze the thoughts of Sheikh Nawawi al-Bantani in Maraqi al-Ubudiyah about the etiquette of fellow creatures understood and explained in his classical literature; 2) To analyze the concept of etiquette of fellow creatures in Maraqi al-Ubudiyah relevant to Islamic education in the contemporary era; 3) To analyze aspects of etiquette of fellow creatures that need to be prioritized in the implementation of the contemporary Islamic education curriculum based on Nawawi's thoughts; 4) To analyze the comparison of nuances between etiquette towards fellow creatures and etiquette towards God in Maraqi al-Ubudiyah, as well as its implications for the design of modern moral education programs. This research method uses qualitative with a library research approach (literature study) which is a data collection method that focuses on in-depth analysis of written texts, both published and unpublished. Data analysis in qualitative library research generally uses content analysis or critical discourse analysis methods. The results of the research are: 1) Adab towards fellow creatures through three main paths: (a) the basis of hadith in his commentary on Ghazali, (b) the construction of Sufi maqâmât which gave birth to social ethics, and (c) the relevance of classical literature to the practice of adab in the Islamic boarding school environment of the archipelago; 2) Adab towards fellow creatures in Maraqi al-Ubudiyyah can be operated in the context of contemporary Islamic education, by referring to relevant literature on adab, ta’dib, maqasid, and the integration of knowledge with morals; 3) Imam Nawawi and contemporary studies related to adab, teacher-student ethics, and social relations in the context of Islamic education, the priority of adab towards fellow creatures in the implementation of the contemporary curriculum needs to place adab teacher-student as the main foundation, followed by adab students, family adab, and school environment adab; 4) The book Maraqi al-‘Ubudiyah offers a complementary two-value framework between adab towards God and adab towards fellow creatures.
Optimizing Fine Motor Skills in 5-6 Year Old Children Through a Play-While-Learning Approach
This study was motivated by the low fine motor skills of children aged 5–6 years in kindergarten, such as difficulties in holding writing tools properly, cutting along patterns, and pasting objects neatly. Fine motor skills are an essential aspect of early childhood development, particularly related to hand-eye coordination and school readiness (Sujiono, 2017; Santrock, 2018). The purpose of this study was to optimize children's fine motor skills through a learning-through-play approach. This research used classroom action research based on the Kemmis and McTaggart model, which includes planning, action, observation, and reflection stages (Kemmis et al., 2014). The study was conducted in a kindergarten in Way Kanan Regency with 15 children from group B as research subjects. Data collection techniques were carried out through observation and documentation (Sugiyono, 2019). The results showed an improvement in children's fine motor skills in each cycle of learning. In the initial observation, only 33% of children reached the expected development criteria. After the implementation of actions in cycle I, the percentage increased to 60%, and further improved to 87% in cycle II. These results indicate that the learning-through-play approach can improve the fine motor skills of children aged 5–6 years, in line with previous studies highlighting the importance of play-based activities in child development (Whitebread et al., 2017). Therefore, this approach can be an effective learning strategy to stimulate fine motor development in kindergarten children.
The Role of Lecturers in Developing Digital-Based Adaptive Learning for Students
The rapid development of information and communication technology in recent decades has brought significant changes to various aspects of life, including higher education. This study aims to analyze the role of lecturers in developing digital-based adaptive learning for students in the era of technological transformation. The approach used in this study is qualitative with a descriptive research type. Data were collected through in-depth interviews, observations, and documentation of lecturers and students involved in the digital-based learning process. Data analysis techniques were carried out using an interactive model that includes data reduction, data presentation, and drawing conclusions, and its validity was tested through triangulation of sources and methods. The results of the study indicate that lecturers have a very important role as facilitators, motivators, and innovators in creating digital-based adaptive learning. Lecturers who are able to optimally utilize digital technology tend to be more successful in increasing student participation, motivation, and learning outcomes. However, this study also found various obstacles, such as limited digital competence, infrastructure, and lecturer readiness in managing adaptive learning. Therefore, institutional support is needed through training and the provision of adequate facilities. This research is expected to contribute to the development of more effective digital-based adaptive learning strategies in higher education.
Implementation of Problem Based Learning in Writing Persuasive Texts in Indonesian Language Course
Writing skills are one of the most important language skills in the academic world. This study aims to (1) examine the stages of implementation of the Problem Based Learning (PBL) learning model (2) describe the implementation of the Problem Based Learning (PBL) learning model in learning to write persuasive texts in the General Indonesian language course. The method used is descriptive qualitative research with a case study design. The research subject is a first-semester student of the University of Bengkulu. Data collection techniques include observation, interviews, documentation, and writing tests (pretest and posttest). Data analysis is carried out using an interactive analysis model that includes three stages: data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drawn. The results of the study show that the implementation of PBL runs through five main stages, namely: problem identification, task organization, independent investigation, preparation of solutions in the form of persuasive texts, and evaluation/reflection. Problem Based Learning is effectively applied in learning to write persuasive texts and can be used as an alternative approach to learning Indonesian in higher education.
Development of A Learning Video on The Discovery of Integer Numbers to Improve Mathematical Problem-Solving Abilities and Creative Thinking Abilities of Grade VI Students
This study aims to develop a discovery-based mathematics learning video on integer material that can improve mathematical problem-solving skills and creative thinking skills of grade VI elementary school students. This study uses the Research and Development (R&D) method with the ADDIE development model consisting of five stages: Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, and Evaluation. The subjects in this study were grade VI students at an elementary school in Punggul Gedangan. The instruments used included validation sheets from material experts, design experts, media experts, and mathematics teachers, student response questionnaires, and problem-solving and creative thinking ability tests. The validation results showed that the developed learning video was included in the very valid category. Limited trials showed that the video was effective in improving students' problem-solving and creative thinking abilities. Thus, the developed learning videos are suitable for use as alternative learning media in mathematics learning, especially integer material, and can support students' high-level thinking skills.
An Analysis of Leadership Styles in Shaping Religious Character in Islamic Boarding Schools Amal Jama'i Bojong Cikembar Sukabumi
This study aims to analyze leadership styles in shaping the religious character of students at the Amal Jama'i Cikembar Sukabumi Islamic Boarding School. The background of this study is based on the phenomenon of moral crisis among students and the importance of strengthening character education based on religious values. The study used a qualitative method with a narrative-descriptive approach. Data were obtained through observation, interviews with leaders, asatidzah, and dormitory supervisors, as well as documentation studies, then analyzed using the Miles and Huberman model. The results show that the leadership style in the Islamic boarding school is integrative, combining transformational, situational, and prophetic approaches by emphasizing a balance between assertiveness and a humanist approach. The implementation of leadership is carried out through exemplary behavior, habituation, educational discipline, and continuous supervision in a 24-hour guidance system. This leadership style has proven effective in shaping the religious character of students holistically, as indicated by increased discipline in worship, strengthening morals, growing spiritual awareness, and harmonious social relationships. The main supporting factors include the religious environment of the Islamic boarding school, a structured guidance system, and synergy between institutional elements. Inhibiting factors include the heterogeneity of student backgrounds, unequal discipline, external influences, and limited facilities and human resources. Therefore, values-based integrative leadership significantly contributes to shaping the religious character of students and has the potential to become a model for developing Islamic educational leadership in facing the challenges of the times.
Challenges and Solutions for Islamic Education Lecturers in Learning in the Digital Era
In today's digital era, students have extensive access to various learning resources via the internet, so the role of educators is no longer the sole source of knowledge, but rather as facilitators, guides, and directors in the learning process. This study aims to analyze the challenges and solutions faced by Islamic Religious Education (PAI) lecturers in learning in the digital era. The development of information technology has changed the learning paradigm, requiring lecturers to adapt to the use of technology without neglecting Islamic values. This study used a descriptive qualitative approach with PAI lecturers selected through purposive sampling. Data collection techniques were conducted through in-depth interviews, observation, and documentation. Data analysis used an interactive model that included data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drawing, as well as data validity testing through triangulation and member checking. The results showed that the main challenges faced by PAI lecturers include limited digital competency, changes in student characteristics that tend to prefer interactive learning, and the challenge of maintaining values and ethics amidst the flow of digital information. Possible solutions include improving digital competency through training, implementing innovative learning models such as blended learning and flipped classrooms, and utilizing creative and contextual digital media. Furthermore, institutional support in providing infrastructure and supporting policies is also an important factor in successful learning.
Enhancing Teacher Retention and Compensation through Effective Principal Leadership and Professional Competence in Islamic Private Elementary Schools
Education is a key pillar of national development, and teachers play a central role in ensuring the success and quality of learning. This study aims to analyze the influence of principal leadership and teacher professional competence on teacher retention, with compensation as a mediating variable. This study employed a quantitative approach, using a survey to collect data from teachers in a private Islamic school. Path analysis was used to examine the direct and indirect relationships between the variables. The findings indicate that principal leadership and teacher professional competence positively influence teacher retention, both directly and through compensation as a mediating factor. These results reinforce the importance of school leaders' role in managing compensation and professional development as a sustainable retention strategy. This study highlights how compensation can act as a bridge between leadership and retention, and how professional competence reinforces this dynamic. In conclusion, retaining great teachers requires more than just a salary. It demands visionary leadership, meaningful professional development, and a workplace culture that values ​​the contributions of every educator. By focusing on these areas, schools can build strong and loyal teams that drive long-term success and educational excellence.
Intertextuality in the Regent Theatre Script by Dede A. Majid
In the context of literary studies, this openness of meaning shows that dramatic texts do not stand autonomously, but are always in a network of relations with other texts. This study aims to analyze the forms, patterns, and functions of intertextuality in the theatrical script Regent by Dede A. Majid. It employs a qualitative descriptive method with a text analysis approach based on Julia Kristeva’s theory of intertextuality, supported by the ideas of Roland Barthes and Gérard Genette. The findings reveal that intertextuality appears in the forms of allusion, quotation, transformation, and adaptation, with dominant patterns of transformation and opposition toward colonial discourse. Its functions include aesthetic, semantic, social critique, and ideological roles that construct meaning dialogically. The study confirms that Regent reconstructs and critiques colonial historical narratives. This research contributes to the development of intertextuality studies and strengthens the study of Banten regional literature.
An Inclusive Pedagogical Approach in Teaching Dance for People with Disabilities at the Guriang Tujuh Studio
Education is a process to develop human resources which is carried out systematically and in stages. This study aims to analyze the implementation of inclusive pedagogy in dance instruction for persons with disabilities at Sanggar Guriang Tujuh, Lebak, Banten. This research employs a descriptive qualitative approach, with data collected through participatory observation, in-depth interviews, and documentation. The findings reveal that inclusive pedagogy is implemented through adaptive teaching strategies utilizing demonstration, imitation, and drill methods, combined with differentiated instruction and multisensory approaches. The learning process is no longer oriented toward rigid movement standards but instead accommodates the diverse physical and sensory abilities of learners. The results also indicate that this approach fosters a participatory and non-discriminatory learning environment while enhancing motor skills, self-confidence, and artistic expression among participants with disabilities. Furthermore, Sanggar Guriang Tujuh functions as an alternative space that not only serves as an art learning center but also as an inclusive social laboratory that promotes social integration and individual empowerment. This study contributes theoretically to the development of inclusive pedagogy in arts education and practically to community-based inclusive dance learning models grounded in local cultural values.
The Influence of Social Skills and Innovation Ability on Students' Entrepreneurial Attitudes in the Higher Grades of Public Elementary Schools
Social skills produce positive and beneficial interactions for each individual. This study aims to: determine and analyze the simultaneous influence of social skills and innovation abilities on the entrepreneurial attitudes of senior students at Lumu-Lumu Public Elementary School, Ujung Tanah District, Sangkarrang Islands, Makassar City. This research approach uses quantitative research. This research was conducted at Lumu-Lumu Public Elementary School, Ujung Tanah District, Sangkarrang Islands, Makassar City. The population of this study was 52 senior students (grades 4, 5, and 6) at Lumu-Lumu Public Elementary School, Ujung Tanah District, Sangkarrang Islands, Makassar City. This study used saturated sampling, or population sampling, by taking the entire population as a sample, resulting in a sample of 52 students. The data collection technique used a questionnaire, and the data analysis technique used multiple regression techniques and t-test analysis. Testing was carried out using SPSS 26. The results of this study indicate that; 1). Social skills have a positive and significant influence on the entrepreneurial attitudes of senior students at Lumu-Lumu Public Elementary School, Ujung Tanah District, Sangkarrang Islands, Makassar City. 2). Innovation ability (X2) has a positive and significant influence on the entrepreneurial attitudes of upper-grade students of Lumu-Lumu State Elementary School, Ujung Tanah District, Sangkarrang Islands, Makassar City. 3). Social skills and innovation ability jointly influence the entrepreneurial attitudes of upper-grade students of Lumu-Lumu State Elementary School, Ujung Tanah District, Sangkarrang Islands, Makassar City.
The Effect of Using Learning Management Systems and On-the-Job Training on Improving Teachers' Professional Competence in In-Depth Learning in Bulukumba Regency
This study aims to determine the effect of the use of Learning Management System (LMS) and On The Job Training (OJT) on the professional competence of teachers in Bulukumba Regency, both partially and simultaneously. This study uses a quantitative approach with a survey method. Research data were obtained through distributing questionnaires to 18 respondents who are teachers in Bulukumba Regency. The data analysis technique used is multiple linear regression analysis which includes partial tests (t-test), simultaneous tests (F-test), and coefficient of determination with the help of a statistical data processing program. The results of the study indicate that partially the use of LMS has a significant effect on the professional competence of teachers, while the On The Job Training (OJT) variable also has a significant effect on the professional competence of teachers. Simultaneously, the use of LMS and the implementation of OJT have a significant effect on the professional competence of teachers. The Adjusted R Square value of 0.365 indicates that 36.5% of the variation in the professional competence of teachers can be explained by these two variables, while the rest is influenced by other factors outside the research model. Thus, the use of Learning Management System (LMS) and the implementation of On The Job Training (OJT) have a positive and significant effect on improving the professional competence of teachers in Bulukumba Regency.
Reconstruction of Arabic Language Learning Planning Based on a Systems and Humanistic Approach
Learning planning is a strategic foundation in the educational process because it allows teachers to organize objectives, materials, methods, media, and evaluation in a targeted manner. In Arabic language learning, planning becomes increasingly important because learning requires not only mastery of linguistic elements but also the development of integrated language skills. However, Arabic language learning planning has tended to be understood within a systems framework that emphasizes regularity, measurability, and integration of components, while the dimension of the learner as the subject of learning has not received sufficient attention. This article aims to reconstruct Arabic language learning planning through a synthesis of the systems approach and the humanistic approach. This study uses library research methods with a conceptual approach and descriptive-critical analysis. The results of the study indicate that the systems approach remains important as a structural foundation for Arabic language learning planning, but has limitations when used alone because it tends to be technical and administrative, and less sensitive to the individual needs of learners. Meanwhile, the humanistic approach contributes to placing learners at the center of learning, paying attention to affective and psychological aspects, and encouraging more adaptive, participatory, and meaningful learning. Based on this, this article offers a conceptual model for humanistic-system-based Arabic language learning planning, which includes analysis of student needs, formulation of integrative objectives, systematic and contextual organization of materials, selection of adaptive methods and media, implementation of participatory learning, and comprehensive and reflective evaluation. In conclusion, the reconstruction of humanistic-system-based Arabic language learning planning produces a more complete planning paradigm, namely remaining systematic but simultaneously oriented towards holistic student development.
Evaluation of Participatory Leadership, Organizational Commitment, Organizational Culture on Teacher Retention Interest
Teacher retention is a strategic issue in educational human resource management because it affects the stability of school organizations and the sustainability of learning quality. Low teacher retention rates are often influenced by internal organizational factors, such as leadership style, level of organizational commitment, and the work culture that develops in the school environment. This study aims to determine how a leadership approach centred on participation, dedication to the institution, and values established by the institution influences a teacher's desire to continue working there. This study adopted a qualitative methodology through a descriptive framework, gathering information through comprehensive conversations with teachers who were specifically selected for their insights, reinforced by several observations and document review. Data analysis was conducted using a methodology that focused on condensing information, presenting relevant findings, and formulating conclusions using inductive reasoning. The results of the study indicate that participatory leadership can increase teacher retention interest through active involvement in decision-making and open communication. Organizational commitment acts as an internal reinforcement that encourages teachers to remain in their positions due to their emotional attachment and sense of responsibility towards the institution. In addition, a positive and supportive organizational culture creates a comfortable and meaningful work environment that strengthens teachers' desire to continue serving. This study enriches the theoretical framework of educational management studies and suggests practical steps that school administrators can take to create leadership and organizational management approaches that focus on maintaining a stable teaching staff over time
Development of A Problem-Based Learning Teaching Module In Differentiated Instruction to Improve Science Literacy of 4th Grade Students
Science learning in elementary schools often faces challenges related to low science literacy and limited accommodation of students’ diverse learning needs. These issues highlight the need for instructional designs that promote active learning while addressing individual differences. This study aims to develop and examine the effectiveness of a differentiated learning module based on the Problem-Based Learning (PBL) approach for teaching plant structure and function in elementary science education. The research employed a research and development method using the ADDIE model, consisting of analysis, design, development, implementation, and evaluation stages. The subjects included fourth-grade students and teachers from several elementary schools, with data collected through tests, questionnaires, observations, and interviews. Data analysis involved descriptive statistics, normality and homogeneity tests, paired samples t-tests, and N-gain analysis. The findings indicate that the developed module is valid, practical, and effective in supporting science learning. The implementation of differentiated PBL contributes to improved student engagement, conceptual understanding, problem-solving ability, and creative thinking in science learning contexts. The novelty of this study lies in the integration of differentiated instruction and PBL within a systematically designed elementary science module using the ADDIE framework. The study provides practical implications for teachers in designing inclusive science instruction and offers academic contributions to the development of innovative pedagogical models in elementary education.
Implementation of Digital-Based Learning in Islamic Religious Education Subjects
The increasingly rapid development of information and communication technology has brought significant changes to various aspects of life, including education. This study aims to analyze the implementation of digital-based learning in Islamic Religious Education (PAI) and identify the impacts and obstacles encountered in its implementation. This study uses a qualitative, descriptive approach. The research subjects included PAI teachers, students, and relevant stakeholders within the school environment. Data collection techniques were conducted through observation, interviews, and documentation. Data analysis was conducted interactively through the stages of data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drawing, and its validity was tested through triangulation of sources and methods. The results show that the implementation of digital-based learning in PAI has a positive impact on increasing student motivation, interest, and learning outcomes. The use of digital media such as learning videos, e-learning platforms, and interactive applications can create a more engaging, flexible, and effective learning environment. In addition, digital-based learning also encourages independent learning and increases active student participation in the learning process. However, several obstacles remain in its implementation, including limited technological facilities, unequal internet access, and teachers' digital competencies that still need to be improved.
The Urgency of Character Education for Islamic Religious Education Teachers
Character education has become a central concern in global educational discourse due to increasing moral degradation, social fragmentation, and ethical crises among younger generations. This study aims to analyze the urgency of character education for Islamic Religious Education teachers in shaping students’ moral and ethical development in the modern era. The research employs a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) method to systematically identify, evaluate, and synthesize relevant scholarly literature from various academic databases such as Scopus, ERIC, and Google Scholar. The selected studies were analyzed using inclusion and exclusion criteria focusing on publications related to character education, Islamic education, and teacher roles. The findings indicate that character education in Islamic Religious Education is fundamentally grounded in the integration of faith, knowledge, and moral values, where teachers play a central role as moral models in students’ character formation. However, its implementation faces significant challenges, including digital disruption, limited instructional time, curriculum constraints, and inadequate teacher preparedness. Despite these challenges, effective strategies such as value integration across curricula, contextual learning approaches, and collaboration between schools, families, and communities can enhance the effectiveness of character education. The study concludes that strengthening Islamic Religious Education teachers’ competence and commitment is essential to ensuring sustainable character development in students within contemporary educational contexts
The Use of Role-Playing Learning Model to Improve Critical Thinking Skills in IPAS Learning at Fourth Grade Elementary School
The rapid transformation of the twenty-first century has brought significant changes to the demands placed on education systems worldwide. This study aims to improve fourth-grade students’ critical thinking skills through the implementation of the role-playing learning model in IPAS learning at SDN Margorejo 1/403 Surabaya. The research employed a Classroom Action Research (CAR) design consisting of two stages: pre-cycle and Cycle I, following the procedures of planning, acting, observing, and reflecting. The subjects of the study were 25 fourth-grade students. Data were collected through observation, tests, and documentation, and analyzed using descriptive quantitative and qualitative techniques. The findings revealed a significant improvement in students’ learning outcomes and critical thinking skills. In the pre-cycle, the average formative score was 81.32, while the summative score was 74.40, with only 60% of students achieving the minimum mastery criterion. After the implementation of the role-playing model, the average formative score increased to 91.88 and the summative score to 89.92, with 100% of students achieving mastery. The results indicate that role-playing fosters active participation, collaboration, and contextual understanding, which contribute to the development of critical thinking skills. Therefore, the role-playing learning model is effective in enhancing students’ critical thinking in elementary IPAS learning.
Power And Resistance of Characters in the Novel Laut Bercerita by Leila S. Chudori: A Critical Discourse Analysis by Michel Foucault
Literature is always closely related to everyday life, because humans can act as both subjects and objects in a literary work. This study aims to understand the discourse of power and resistance of characters in the novel Laut Bercerita by Leila S. Chudori using Michel Foucault’s Critical Discourse Analysis (AWK), focusing on Power/Knowledge, Discourse, Disciplinary Power, and Governmentality. The method applied is observation and recording, with techniques including reading, listening, and note-taking. Data analysis involves four stages: data preparation and organization, data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drawing. The results show that (1) the discourse of power appears through supervision, bodily discipline, and efforts to control certain characters, and (2) the discourse of resistance is expressed not only physically but more frequently through knowledge and discussion, such as conveying truth, building shared understanding, and constructing counter-narratives against power. It can be concluded that Laut Bercerita predominantly presents the discourse of resistance as a response to power practices experienced by characters during the New Order era in Indonesia.