EDUJAVARE: International Journal of Educational Research
EDUJAVARE: International Journal of Educational Research (e-ISSN: 3031-2884) published twice a year (in June and December) by Edujavare Publishing. This is a multi-disciplinary scientific journal as a dialogue medium of education, social and culture issues. EDUJAVARE: International Journal of Educational Research is The RISTEKBRIN Accredited National Scientific Journal Rank 4 (SINTA 4).
License: CC BY-SA 4.0 (Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License)
Teacher Strategies for Managing Reading Instruction for Slow Learners in Inclusive Elementary School Classrooms
This study aims to describe the strategies employed by teachers to manage reading instruction for slow-learning students in inclusive elementary school classrooms. A qualitative, descriptive research approach was adopted. The study was conducted at SD Alam Mahira in Bengkulu City, involving the principal, a fourth-grade teacher, a shadow teacher, and slow-learning students as subjects. Data were collected through observation, interviews, and documentation, and subsequently analyzed using the interactive analysis model developed by Miles, Huberman, and Saldaña, which encompasses data condensation, data display, and conclusion drawing and verification. Data validity was ensured through technique and source triangulation. The findings indicate that the teachers' strategies for managing reading instruction involved a series of interconnected stages: identifying students' initial abilities; formulating adaptive lesson plans; conducting instruction using the phonics method; utilizing concrete and visual learning media; implementing inclusive classroom management; providing individual support; fostering collaboration with shadow teachers; and carrying out continuous learning evaluations. These strategies enabled reading instruction to be tailored to the characteristics and learning needs of slow-learning students, thereby allowing them to participate actively alongside regular students. The study demonstrates that the success of reading instruction in inclusive classrooms depends on the teacher's ability to integrate various instructional strategies in an adaptive manner that centers on the students' needs.
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Strategy Council Religious Study Raudhatul Paradise in Cultivating Moderate Religious Attitudes among Students
Indonesia is wrong one from many country which multicultural in world, this matter of course caused, because Indonesia is country which own diverse variety race, ethnicity, language, religion, and culture. Study This aim for analyze strategy Council Raudhatul Jannah Study Group Jontak in grow attitude moderation religious students in Danger Village. The research uses a descriptive qualitative approach. Data sources study consists of on data primary and data secondary. Collection Data collection was conducted through observation, interviews, and documentation. Data analysis used data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drawing techniques. The results of the study indicate that the strategies implemented by Majlis Taklim Raudhatul Jannah were implemented through four main management functions: planning, organizing, actuating, and controlling. At the planning stage, program coaching designed with integrate. The values of religious moderation, such as tawassuth (religious tolerance), tawazun (compassion), i'tidal (compassion), and tasamuh (compassion). In the organizational stage, the Islamic study group (Majlis Taklim) involves administrators, religious teachers, community leaders, and guardians of students in the collaborative implementation of the program. The implementation stage is carried out through religious studies, habituation, role models, religious discussions, and social activities that encourage the internalization of the values of moderation in the students' lives. Meanwhile, monitoring and evaluation are carried out periodically to measure the development of students' attitudes and behavior and to increase the effectiveness of the development program. Thus, the implementation of an integrated Islamic boarding school management strategy can effectively foster an attitude of religious moderation among students.
The Role of Guidance and Counseling Teachers in Students' Career Planning Using the Career Tree at SMP Santo Aloysius Turi
This study examines the role of Guidance and Counseling (GC) teachers in supporting students’ career planning through the use of the Career Tree as a guidance medium at Santo Aloysius Turi Middle School. The research aims to explore how GC teachers facilitate students in recognizing their interests, talents, abilities, and future career aspirations while enhancing their career decision-making skills. A qualitative descriptive approach was employed, with data collected through interviews, observations, and documentation involving Guidance and Counseling teachers and students. The findings indicate that the Career Tree serves as an interactive and student-centered guidance tool that encourages self-reflection, career exploration, and active participation in career planning activities. GC teachers play a significant role as facilitators, motivators, and counselors by providing career information, guiding self-assessment, and helping students connect their personal potential with educational and occupational opportunities. Furthermore, the implementation of the Career Tree improves students’ career awareness, confidence, and readiness to make informed educational and career decisions. Despite challenges such as limited guidance time and varying levels of student engagement, the innovative use of the Career Tree contributes positively to the effectiveness of career guidance services. Therefore, integrating creative guidance media into school counseling programs is recommended to strengthen students’ career planning competencies and support their long-term personal and professional development
Problem Based Learning Assisted by Sangkar Bumi Props to Improve IPAS Learning Activity and Outcomes for Grade V Elementary School Students
Education is a cornerstone in shaping the future of the younger generation and a conscious effort to optimally develop individual potential. This study aimed to improve fifth-grade students’ learning outcomes in Science and Social Studies (IPAS) on Indonesia’s geographical location through the implementation of the Problem Based Learning (PBL) model assisted by Sangkar Bumi teaching aids. This Classroom Action Research (CAR) employed the Kemmis and McTaggart spiral model, consisting of planning, acting, observing, and reflecting. The participants were 32 fifth-grade students at SDN Pare 3, Kediri Regency. Data were collected through observation sheets, learning outcome documentation, and multiple-choice tests, then analyzed using descriptive qualitative and quantitative methods. The findings revealed that the PBL model assisted by Sangkar Bumi teaching aids effectively improved both the learning process and student achievement. The average learning outcome score increased from 60.31 in the pre-cycle (15.63% mastery) to 72.97 in Cycle I (50.00% mastery), and further to 83.84 in Cycle II with 100% classical mastery. Student learning activity also improved from 62.28% (Fair) in Cycle I to 87.61% (Very Good) in Cycle II, while teacher implementation increased from 71.43% to 92.86%. These results indicate that the PBL model supported by Sangkar Bumi teaching aids effectively enhances students’ engagement and learning outcomes in geographical location topics.
Implementation of Teaching Module Development based on Artificial Intelligence (AI) Chat GPT
This study examines the implementation of the Artificial Intelligence (AI)-based teaching module ChatGPT at SDN Batu Ampar 02, focusing on teachers' challenges in utilizing AI technology due to limited technical knowledge and supporting facilities. The aim is to explore how ChatGPT can improve the quality and innovation of teaching modules. The study used a descriptive qualitative method with primary data through interviews, observations, and documentation, as well as secondary data from related literature. The results show that teachers are able to develop teaching modules that are more creative, relevant, and adaptive to students' needs. The implementation of AI also accelerated the module design process and strengthened teachers' digital literacy. These findings emphasize the importance of AI training and utilization in elementary education.
Deep Learning to Improve IPAS Motivation and Learning Outcomes for Grade III Students
Identifying Market-Driven Communication Competencies for English for Management Curriculum Development: An Exploratory Study
The increasing demand for workplace-ready graduates in today's globalized business environment has highlighted the need for higher education institutions, particularly English for Management (EfM) programs. This study aimed to identify market-driven communication competencies required by management graduates and examine their implications for curriculum development. An exploratory mixed-methods design was employed involving 22 industry practitioners, 11 academic stakeholders, and 50 Management students at Universitas Pendidikan Nasional. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews, questionnaires, and curriculum document analysis. Qualitative data were analysed using thematic analysis, while quantitative data were examined using descriptive statistics. The findings revealed six essential communication competency domains: Professional Communication, Intercultural Communication, Leadership Communication, Customer Relations Communication, Digital Communication, and Negotiation and Problem-Solving Communication. The study also identified significant gaps between workplace expectations and existing curriculum provisions, particularly in digital, intercultural, customer relations, and negotiation competencies. The study concludes that a market-driven approach is necessary for EfM curriculum development. The proposed Bali Market-Driven English Communication Competency Framework (BM-ECCF) provides an evidence-based foundation for curriculum redesign aimed at enhancing graduate employability and workplace readiness.
An Analysis of Gender-Based Differences in Critical Thinking Skills in Geography Education through a Problem-Based Learning Approach
This study is motivated by the importance of instructional innovation in improving students’ learning outcomes in Geography, as well as the potential differences in academic achievement based on gender. Problem-Based Learning (PBL) was selected as it is considered effective in fostering critical thinking, problem-solving, and collaborative skills. This study aims to analyze gender-based differences in Geography learning outcomes at SMP Negeri 1 Gebang through the implementation of PBL. A quasi-experimental method with a nonequivalent control group design was employed. The participants were eighth-grade students, grouped by gender to compare their learning outcomes after experiencing PBL. The research instrument was a validated Geography achievement test. Data were analyzed using an independent samples t-test to determine significant differences between male and female students. The results indicate that PBL effectively improves students’ learning outcomes in Geography. However, a difference was found between male and female students, with female students achieving higher average scores, although both groups showed significant improvement. In conclusion, PBL is effective in enhancing Geography learning outcomes, and gender differences should be considered in designing more inclusive instructional strategies.
Strategies of Christian Religious Education Teachers in Instilling Biblical Literacy Among Fourth-Grade Students at SDN 1 Panarung, Palangka Raya
This study aims to describe the strategy of Christian Religious Education teachers in instilling Bible literacy in grade IV students at SDN 1 Panarung Palangka Raya. This research is motivated by the low interest in reading the Bible among students, the lack of understanding of the content and message of the Bible, and the lack of optimal learning strategies applied by teachers in instilling Bible literacy. The research method used is a qualitative approach with a descriptive type of research. Data collection techniques are carried out through observation, interviews, and documentation. The results of the study show that the strategies used by Christian Education teachers include interactive storytelling methods, regular Bible reading habits, assignments through spiritual activity books, and assistance to students in understanding and applying biblical values in daily life. The cultivation of Bible literacy is carried out through the habit of reading the Bible before the study begins, providing an understanding of the content and message of the Bible, and the assignment of spiritual activities that support the habit of reading the Bible at home
Development of a Multimedia-Based Islamic Religious Education Learning Module at the Faculty of Fisheries, Andi Djemma University, Palopo
This study aims to develop a multimedia-based Islamic Religious Education learning module for students at the Faculty of Fisheries, Andi Djemma University, Palopo, in order to improve learning effectiveness, student engagement, and the integration of Islamic values with disciplinary knowledge. The study employed a Research and Development (R&D) approach, involving stages of needs analysis, module design, development, expert validation, revision, implementation, and evaluation. Data were collected through interviews, questionnaires, observations, and learning outcome assessments involving lecturers, media experts, content experts, and students. The findings reveal that the developed multimedia-based module meets high standards of content accuracy, instructional design, media quality, and usability based on expert validation. Students responded positively to the module, demonstrating increased motivation, active participation, conceptual understanding, and satisfaction during the learning process. The integration of interactive multimedia elements, including videos, animations, images, quizzes, and case-based learning activities, enhanced students’ comprehension of Islamic Religious Education while fostering critical thinking and the practical application of Islamic values in academic and professional contexts. Furthermore, the module proved to be an effective learning resource that supports independent learning and technology-enhanced instruction in higher education. Therefore, the study concludes that multimedia-based Islamic Religious Education modules can significantly improve the quality of teaching and learning and are recommended for broader implementation across higher education institutions
Improving Students' IPAS Interest and Learning Outcomes Through Audio-Visual Aided Contextual Teaching
Traditional teacher-centered instruction often results in low student engagement and poor academic performance in elementary science and social studies (IPAS). This study aims to describe the implementation of the Audio-Visual aided Contextual Teaching and Learning (CTL) model and evaluate its effectiveness in improving student interest and learning outcomes at SDN Gedangsewu 1. The research employed a Classroom Action Research (PTK) design consisting of two cycles involving 24 fifth-grade students. Data were gathered through observation checklists for student interest and written tests for learning achievement, analyzed using descriptive statistics. Findings revealed a significant increase in student interest, which rose from a baseline of 42.3% to 62.5% in Cycle I and reached 80.6% in Cycle II. Correspondingly, the class average for learning outcomes improved from 59.8 to 83.8, with classical completeness achieving 100% by the end of the second cycle. The results indicate that the integration of audio-visual media within a contextual framework effectively fosters a meaningful learning environment, successfully enhancing both student motivation and cognitive achievement in IPAS. This model is recommended for teachers seeking to make abstract concepts more concrete and relevant for elementary students.
Transformation of Personal Prayer Spirituality amid Prayer Text Dependency in Christian Religious Education: A Case Study of Class X-10 at SMAN 4 Palangka Raya
This study is motivated by the phenomenon of prayer-text dependency among Christian students in Class X-10 of SMAN 4 Palangka Raya during Christian Religious Education (CRE) learning, evident in behaviors such as checking phones, reading written notes, and even writing prayer cues on their palms when asked to pray spontaneously. This study aims to describe the transformation process of students' personal prayer spirituality and to analyze how their dependency on written prayer texts influences that spiritual development. A qualitative case study approach was employed; data were collected through participant observation, in-depth interviews, Focus Group Discussions (FGD), and document study, then analyzed using the Miles and Huberman interactive model, comprising data reduction, data display, and conclusion drawing. The findings reveal that the transformation of prayer spirituality unfolds through four stages: awareness of dependency, openness to change, habituation to praying without text, and internalization of prayer as an authentic spiritual need. The study also identifies five patterns of text dependency, shaped by pedagogical, psychological, digital-technological, and theological factors, with the CRE teacher's spiritual example proving to be the primary catalyst for change. This study concludes that holistic and transformative CRE learning can shift students' prayer practice from mechanical text-reliance toward authentic personal prayer, expressing a living relationship with God. These findings are expected to serve as a reference for CRE teachers in designing more contextual and transformative approaches to teaching prayer.
Teachers' Strategies in Developing Early Childhood Social Skills Through Play Activities
This study aims to describe teacher strategies in developing social skills of early childhood through play activities at RA Sonec Al Malik, Pinrang Regency, and to identify the obstacles faced by teachers in their implementation. Social skills represent a fundamental developmental aspect that needs to be stimulated from an early age, particularly through play-based activities appropriate to children's developmental characteristics. This study employed a descriptive qualitative approach with pedagogical and psychological perspectives. Data were collected through participatory observation, in-depth interviews, and documentation involving teachers and the school principal of RA Sonec Al Malik. Data analysis was conducted through data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drawing. The results indicate that teachers implement various strategies including role play, cooperative activities, structured group games, and open communication with parents. Obstacles encountered include differences in children's character and lack of home environmental support. This study concludes that well-planned and collaborative play strategies between teachers and parents can significantly optimize the development of social skills in early childhood.
Implementation of Islamic Values-Based Deep Learning Approach in Natural and Social Science Learning in Elementary Schools
This study is grounded in the importance of implementing a deep learning approach within the Merdeka Curriculum, which emphasizes not only conceptual mastery but also character formation, spiritual awareness, and meaningful learning experiences, particularly in Natural and Social Sciences (IPAS) instruction at the elementary level. This study aims to describe the planning, implementation, and evaluation of IPAS learning through a deep learning approach grounded in Islamic values, to analyze the forms and processes of integrating Islamic values into that learning, and to examine its impact on students' learning experiences, conceptual understanding, and Islamic character formation at SDN 003 North Bontang. A qualitative case-study approach was employed. Data were gathered through observation, in-depth interviews, and documentation, then analyzed using the interactive model of Miles, Huberman, and Saldana comprising data condensation, data display, and conclusion drawing, with validity established through source, technique, and time triangulation as well as member checking. The findings show that deep learning was implemented systematically through the preparation of Deep Learning Lesson Plans (RPPM), the application of Problem Based Learning and Inquiry/Discovery Learning strategies, and meaningful reflection grounded in Islamic values; the integration of tawhid and akhlak values occurred at every stage of learning, from apperception to reflection, across the topics of the water cycle, light, the respiratory system, environmental preservation, and cultural heritage; and this implementation positively affected students' engagement, enthusiasm, conceptual understanding, problem-solving ability, and the strengthening of Islamic character traits such as responsibility, care, cooperation, tolerance, and gratitude. This study concludes that a deep learning approach grounded in Islamic values can produce IPAS instruction that is more meaningful, contextual, and reflective, and oriented toward the intellectual, spiritual, and character development of students.
The Impact on the STAD Cooperative Learning Method on Speaking Ability among Young English Language Learners
This study investigates the implementation of the Student Teams Achievement Division (STAD) cooperative learning method and its influence on young English language learners’ speaking ability in a primary school context. The introduction outlines the persistent challenges faced by students in developing speaking proficiency, including low confidence, limited vocabulary, and teacher-centered instructional practices. Using a qualitative case study design featuring an ex post facto perspective, data were collected through classroom observations, semi-structured interviews with teachers and students, and documentation analysis at SD Bali Kiddy. The results show that STAD fosters a supportive, interactive learning environment that significantly enhances students’ speaking confidence, fluency, vocabulary use, and pronunciation. Heterogeneous grouping enables peer scaffolding, allowing lower-ability learners to benefit from modeling and corrective feedback from their peers. The study also identifies students’ positive emotional responses, including reduced anxiety and increased willingness to participate in oral activities
The Use of Canva Interactive Media to Motivate Students in ICT Learning in Elementary Schools in Bengkulu City
The development of information and communication technology encourages teachers to utilize digital learning media that can create a more interactive, engaging, and student-centered learning process. One of the media widely used in learning is Canva because it provides various visual features that support creative delivery of materials. This study aims to describe the use of Canva interactive media in motivating students in Information and Communication Technology (ICT) learning in grade III at SD Islam Al-Azhar 51 Bengkulu City and describe the advantages of Canva interactive media in supporting the learning process. This study uses a qualitative approach with a descriptive research type. Data collection was carried out through observation, interviews, and documentation involving the principal, ICT subject teachers, and grade III students as research informants. Data analysis was carried out through the stages of data reduction, data presentation, and drawing conclusions, while data validity was obtained through source triangulation and technical triangulation. The results of the study indicate that the use of Canva interactive media was carried out through the planning, implementation, and evaluation stages of learning. Teachers utilize Canva's various features, such as templates, images, animations, illustrations, icons, and interactive presentations, to present material in a more engaging manner, encouraging students to demonstrate attention, interest, engagement, and enthusiasm throughout the learning process. Furthermore, Canva offers advantages such as ease of use, attractive visuals, flexible access, and supports teachers in developing creative, innovative, and student-centered learning media. The use of Canva's interactive media provides a more engaging learning experience, making it an alternative digital learning medium for ICT instruction in elementary schools.
Design and Construction of a Coconut Coir Chopping Machine Based on a Three-Phase Induction Motor with Frequency Variation for Cocofiber Quality Optimization
Coconut coir is an abundant by-product of coconut processing that remains underutilized, particularly in Bahodopi District, Morowali Regency. Coir chopping is still carried out manually, which is time- and labor-intensive and produces uneven results. This study aims to design and build a robust, easy-to-operate coconut coir chopping machine capable of efficiently converting coir into cocofiber. The engineering method was applied, comprising literature study, design using SolidWorks, frame strength simulation, material selection, assembly, and testing. The machine is driven by a three-phase induction motor (1400 rpm, 50 Hz) equipped with an inverter, allowing the blade rotation speed to be varied at 15, 30, and 50 Hz. Testing used approximately 3 kg of dry coir for each variation. The results show that the machine can chop coir at a capacity of 180 kg/hour, with the best result—fine and even—obtained at 30 Hz. Static simulation of the frame under an 800 kgf load produced a maximum stress of 374.421 MPa and a minimum safety factor of 0.939, indicating the need to reinforce the critical points of the frame. This machine is expected to help the Bahodopi community process coir more easily and to create new economic opportunities
Implementation of Performance Assessment in Guitar Instruction within Music Education
Music education requires assessment practices that can authentically measure students' practical performance skills. This study aims to describe the implementation of performance assessment in guitar instruction for Grade X Accounting and Financial Institution (AKL 1) students at SMK Negeri 1 Brebes. The study employed a qualitative descriptive approach. Data were collected through classroom observations, semi-structured interviews, and document analysis, including the Learning Objectives Flow (ATP), Learning Objectives Achievement Criteria (KKTP), teaching modules, assessment rubrics, students' achievement records, and instructional documentation. Data were analyzed through data reduction, data display, and conclusion drawing, while data trustworthiness was established through source and methodological triangulation. The findings indicate that the implementation of performance assessment encompasses four interconnected stages: assessment planning, instrument development, assessment implementation, and utilization of assessment results. The assessment employed an analytic rubric evaluating students' guitar playing techniques, chord accuracy, tempo and rhythm, as well as musical expression and stage performance. Performance assessment was conducted through both individual and group practical performances, and the results were utilized to support remedial instruction, enrichment activities, and the determination of final grades. The findings further demonstrate that performance assessment provides an authentic representation of students' progress in developing guitar performance skills.
Strategies of Islamic Religious Education Teachers in Preventing Bullying Behavior in Elementary Schools: A Case Study at SDN 005 Bontang Selatan
Bullying behavior among elementary school students remains a pressing educational concern because of its direct impact on students’ sense of security, self-confidence, learning motivation, and mental development. This study aims to identify the forms of bullying behavior, analyze its implications for students’ learning mentality, and uncover the strategies employed by Islamic Religious Education (PAI) teachers in preventing, addressing, and minimizing bullying at SDN 005 Bontang Selatan. A qualitative case study design was employed, informed by theological, pedagogical, and psychological paradigms. Primary data were obtained from the principal, PAI teacher, and classroom teacher through observation, semi-structured interviews, and document study, analyzed through data reduction, data display, and conclusion drawing, with validity established through source and method triangulation. The findings reveal that bullying manifests in verbal, social/relational, mild physical, and non-verbal forms, contributing to diminished feelings of safety, self-esteem, motivation, and classroom climate. PAI teachers implement layered strategies that are preventive, curative, educational, collaborative, and disciplinary, positioning themselves as educators, role models, counselors, motivators, mediators, and collaborators. This study contributes novel insight into the PAI teacher’s role as an “empathy catalyst” and identifies the phenomenon of “joke-bullying,” which requires deliberate deconstruction of students’ perceptions of humor. These findings offer theoretical and practical contributions toward developing an Islamic character education model for bullying prevention in elementary schools.
Development of Student Worksheets (LKPD) Based on Problem Based Learning (PBL) in Mathematics Learning for Grade IV Students of Elementary School
In general, education can be interpreted as an activity to learn the knowledge, abilities, and habits of a group of people that are passed down from one generation to the next through teaching, practice, and research methods. This study aims to determine the validity, practicality, and effectiveness of the Development of Student Worksheets (LKPD) Based on Problem Based Learning (PBL) in Mathematics Learning for Fourth Grade Students of SD Negeri 2 Sukamana. Data collection techniques used were observation, interviews, and documentation. Data analysis techniques in the study were analyzed descriptively qualitatively. This study is a Research and Development (R&D) study using a 4-D development model, which consists of the stages of defining, designing, developing, and disseminating. The subjects of this study were 26 fourth grade students of SD Negeri 2 Sukamana. Data were collected using a validation questionnaire, a practicality questionnaire, and learning outcome tests in the form of pre-tests and post-tests. The results showed that the developed LKPD had a high level of validity, with a score of 0.92 from language experts, 0.86 from media experts, and 0.94 from material experts with an overall average of 0.90 which is included in the "very valid" category. Practicality by teachers showed a percentage of 96% and small group trials of 86.6%, with an overall average practicality of 91%. The pre-test results showed an average score of 40.42%, and the post-test increased to 94.46%. The N-Gain score obtained was 0.90%, which is in the "Very High" category. Based on this, it can be concluded that the development of student worksheets (LKPD) is very valid, practical, and effective for use in the learning process.
Implementation of the Storytelling Learning Model Assisted by Flashcard Media to Develop Speaking Skills of Fourth Grade Elementary School Students
Basic education has an important role in developing students' academic abilities and language skills. This study aims to analyze the influence of the storytelling learning model assisted by flashcard media on the speaking skills of grade IV students of SDN Beberan 2. The research approach method used is quantitative with the type of associative research. The research sample amounted to 36 students who were selected using saturated sampling techniques. Data collection techniques include observation, speaking skills tests, and questionnaires. Data analysis was carried out through validity, reliability, normality tests, paired sample t-test, and N-Gain tests. The results of the study showed an improvement in students' speaking skills after the application of the storytelling learning model assisted by flashcard media. The average pretest score of 45.97 increased to 83.61 in the posttest. The results of the paired sample t-test showed a significance of 0.000 < 0.05 which means there was a significant difference before and after treatment. Thus, the storytelling learning model assisted by flashcard media has been proven to be influential in improving the speaking skills of grade IV students of SDN Beberan 2.
The Effectiveness of Using Canva as a Learning Medium in Improving High School Students' Learning Outcomes
Digital transformation in education requires innovative instructional media that can improve student learning outcomes, including Canva as an interactive visual platform. This study examined the effectiveness of Canva in improving the learning outcomes of Grade XI students in Information and Communication Technology (ICT) at SMA Negeri 1 Hutaraja Tinggi. A quantitative approach with a pretest-posttest control group design was employed. The sample comprised 40 students, with 20 students in the experimental class and 20 in the control class. Data were analyzed using normalized gain (N-Gain). The findings revealed a clear difference between the two groups. The experimental class achieved a mean N-Gain of 85.38%, categorized as high, whereas the control class achieved 69.81%, categorized as moderate. These findings indicate that Canva is effective in improving students' learning outcomes. The study provides practical implications for teachers seeking to develop more interactive and engaging digital instructional media, particularly for ICT instruction at the senior high school level.
The Role Of Islamic Religious Education Teachers In Improving The Spiritual Intelligence Of Students In Elementary School (Case Study at SDN 003 North Bontang, East Kalimantan)
Education is directed not only toward cognitive strengthening but also toward the development of religious-spiritual strength, self-control, and noble character, positioning spiritual intelligence as a central aim of Islamic Religious Education (IRE) in elementary schools. This study aims to describe the condition of students’ spiritual intelligence, to analyze the role of IRE teachers in enhancing that intelligence, and to identify the supporting and inhibiting factors of that role at SDN 003 North Bontang. A qualitative case study design was employed. Data were collected through in-depth interviews with the principal, the vice-principal for curriculum, IRE teachers, classroom teachers, and students, complemented by participatory observation and documentation study. Data validity was established through source, technique, and time triangulation, while data were analyzed using data reduction, data display, and conclusion drawing. The findings indicate that students’ spiritual intelligence is evident in their awareness of worship, honesty, patience, empathy toward others, and the ability to derive meaning from life events, although development remains uneven across students. IRE teachers function as educators, role models, motivators, guides, and evaluators through meaningful instruction, exemplary worship practice, reinforcement of intrinsic motivation, personal guidance, and consistent religious habituation. Supporting factors include religious habituation programs, curricular support, and school-wide collaboration, whereas inhibiting factors include differences in family background, limited instructional time, and the influence of gadgets and out-of-school peer environments. The study confirms that students’ spiritual intelligence develops through a triadic pattern of meaningful learning, teacher exemplarity, and sustained school-culture habituation.
The Effect of Using Loose Part Media on Early Literacy Skills of 4-5 Year Old Children
Early childhood is a child who has an age range from 0 to 6 years. Early life only comes once in every person's life stages. So, the existence of early age should not be wasted. This study aims to determine the effect of the use of loose part media on the early literacy ability of children aged 4-5 years at Al Raudah Samarinda Kindergarten. This type of research is quantitative with a pre-experimental approach method with a one-group pretest-posttest design research model. The subjects of this study are 19 students of Al Raudah Samarinda Kindergarten. The research instruments used include tests from pretest and posttest observation sheets in the form of statement instruments equipped with documentation. The data analysis technique used is data obtained from the N-Gain test. The results showed that the N-Gain test > 0.7 with a percentage of 0.83 or included in the high category, which means that the loose part media for children's early literacy ability is in the effective category. Thus, it means that there is an increase in effectiveness between pretest and posttest so that the alternative hypothesis (Ha) is accepted and the null hypothesis (H0) is rejected, meaning that there is an effect of the use of loose part media on early literacy ability in children aged 4-5 years at Al Raudah Samarinda Kindergarten.
The Representation of the Seven Elements of Culture in the Novel Janji di Tanah Jawa by Agil Sri Rahayu
This study aims to describe the representation of seven cultural elements in the novel Janji di Tanah Jawa by Agil Sri Rahayu based on the concept of seven cultural elements according to Koentjaraningrat. The study uses a qualitative approach with a descriptive method in interdisciplinary comparative literary studies. The research data source is the novel Janji di Tanah Jawa by Agil Sri Rahayu, while the research data are in the form of quotations that represent cultural elements. Data collection techniques are carried out through intensive reading activities, recording, classifying, and documenting data, while data analysis is carried out through the stages of data reduction, data presentation, and drawing conclusions. The results of the study show that the novel completely represents the seven cultural elements according to Koentjaraningrat, namely (1) language shown through the use of Javanese krama as a marker of politeness and social stratification; (2) a knowledge system depicted through the use of plants as traditional medicine; (3) social organization that shows social stratification, position, and division of roles in society; (4) a system of living equipment and technology reflected in the use of horse-drawn carriages, traditional writing tools, and traditional clothing; (5) a livelihood system realized through plantation activities, trade, and agricultural processing; (6) a religious system that displays a blend of Islamic teachings with beliefs in ancestors, dreams, and the Javanese calendar; and (7) art represented through gamelan as a traditional Javanese musical art. The research findings show that the novel Janji di Tanah Jawa not only functions as a literary work, but also as a medium for representation and preservation of Javanese culture that shows the close relationship between literary works and the socio-cultural realities of society.
The Influence of the Teams Games Tournament (TGT) Type Cooperative Learning Model on the Mathematical Understanding Ability and Mathematical Attitude of Students
Mathematical comprehension skills and mathematical attitudes are two important aspects of mathematics learning; however, observations at MTs Wahid Hasyim Sukosari Kunir indicate that both aspects remain relatively low as a result of teaching that tends to be teacher-centered. The purpose of this study is to ascertain how students' mathematics attitudes and understanding abilities are affected by the Teams Games Tournament (TGT) cooperative learning approach. This study used a quantitative methodology with a quasi-experimental design more precisely, a Nonequivalent Pretest-Posttest Control Group Design. The study population consisted of 41 seventh-grade students, all of whom were included in the sample through saturation sampling, comprising 21 students in the experimental class and 20 students in the control class. Data were collected using a mathematical comprehension test and a mathematical attitude questionnaire that met validity and reliability criteria, and were then analyzed using descriptive statistics, normality tests, homogeneity tests, and an independent samples t-test. With a significance value (Sig. 2-tailed) of 0.000 < 0.05 for both variables, the study's findings show that the Teams Games Tournament (TGT) cooperative learning model significantly affects students' mathematical attitudes and comprehension. As a result, the Teams Games Tournament (TGT) cooperative learning model works well as an alternate teaching strategy for raising students' mathematical attitudes and comprehension.
Organizational Behavior Dynamics and Governance Effectiveness in the Transformation of Educational Management
This article discusses the concept of organization and organizational behavior in the context of educational organization management. Organization is understood as a structured social unit, consisting of individuals who work together consciously to achieve common goals. In the world of education, organizations play an important role in organizing effective, efficient, and directed learning processes. Meanwhile, organizational behavior is a study of how individuals, groups, and organizational structures interact with each other and influence the effectiveness and productivity of the organization. This article highlights the elements of the organization, the goals and benefits of the organization, and the dynamics of organizational behavior such as motivation, leadership, and organizational culture. In addition, opportunities and challenges such as workforce diversity, innovation, and the importance of ethics in organizational behavior are also discussed. A deep understanding of this concept is expected to help improve the quality of educational institution management and create a conducive and productive work environment
Implementation of the Drill Method Using the High Lob Throw to Improve 7-Meter Pointing Results for Petanque Athletes
This study aimed to determine the effect of applying the drill training method using high lob throws on improving the 7 meter pointing performance of pétanque athletes from Musi Rawas Regency. This research employed a quantitative approach with a quasi experimental design using a one-group pre-test and post-test design. Data were analyzed using the Shapiro-wilk normality test and the paired sample t-test with SPSS version 25. The results indicated that the data were normally distributed, with significance values of 0.125 for the pre-test and 0.172 for the post-test (Sig.> 0.05) the hypothesis test showed a t-value of 21-879 with a Sig. (2-tailed) value of 0.000 (<0.05), indicating that the null hypothesis (Ho) was rejected and the alternative hypothesis (Ha) was accepted. The traning program also improved athletes’motor skills through the development of muscle memory, better control of throwing force, greater accuracy of ball trajectory and landing point, as well as enhanced focus concentrarion, emotional stability, and self-confidence. Therefore, the drill training method using high lob throws was proven to be effective in improving the 7 meter pointing athletes from Musi Rawas Regency.
The Efforts of the Christian Religious Education Teacher in Using Short Film Audiovisual Media to Teach Grade V Students
This study aimed to describe the efforts of the Christian Religious Education teacher in using short-film audiovisual media to teach Grade V students at SDN 6 Pahandut and to identify the supporting and inhibiting factors influencing its implementation. The study employed a qualitative descriptive approach involving the Christian Religious Education teacher and Grade V students as research participants selected through purposive sampling. Data were collected through classroom observations, semi-structured interviews, and documentation. The data were analyzed using the interactive model of Miles, Huberman, and Saldaña, consisting of data condensation, data display, and conclusion drawing, while the credibility of the findings was ensured through source and technique triangulation. The findings revealed that the teacher made systematic efforts by planning lessons carefully, selecting appropriate short-film audiovisual media, facilitating classroom discussions, encouraging student reflection, and relating biblical teachings to students' daily experiences. These instructional practices enhanced students' learning motivation, classroom participation, understanding of biblical values, and Christian character development. The study also identified several supporting factors, including the teacher's pedagogical competence, the availability of technological facilities, school support, collaborative professional practices, and students' enthusiasm for multimedia learning. The study concludes that the effective use of short-film audiovisual media in Christian Religious Education depends not only on the availability of technology but also on teachers' instructional competence, creativity, careful lesson planning, and continuous institutional support to create meaningful, student-centered, and technology-enhanced learning experiences.
The Influence of Storytelling Methods on Early Childhood Expressive Language Skills
Early childhood education is a level of education before basic education which is a coaching effort aimed at children from birth to the age of six. This study aims to determine the influence of storytelling methods on early childhood expressive language skills. The research method used is experimental. The sampling technique uses a pre-experimental design while the data collection technique is in the form of an initial test (pretest), treatment and final test (posttest). The sample in the study consisted of 9 children, consisting of 5 girls and 4 boys. Based on the results of the n-gain calculation, which is a normalized gain of 0.6 < 0.7 with a percentage of 0.60 or 60.80. It is included in the medium category, which means that the method of storytelling for early childhood expressive language skills is included in the category of quite effective. This study shows that the ability of expressive language in children such as children's ability to answer more complex questions, children's ability to group pictures in storybooks, the ability to communicate orally by having vocabulary, and the ability to express opinions in simple sentences and also retell the content of the story.
Style and Meaning in Rhoma Irama's Song Lyrics and Their Relevance as Indonesian Language Learning Materials: A Stylistic Study
Literary works are a medium of expression that utilizes language as the primary means of conveying ideas, feelings, and life values. This study aims to analyze the language styles and meanings found in the song lyrics of Rhoma Irama and to examine their relevance as learning materials for Indonesian language education. The research employed a qualitative approach using content analysis methods. The data consisted of the song lyrics Begadang, Keramat, and Judi, which were analyzed based on the use of figurative language and meaning. Data collection techniques included observation, note-taking, and documentation. The findings reveal that the lyrics contain various language styles such as repetition, metaphor, hyperbole, and imperative expressions used systematically to strengthen the message conveyed. The meanings identified include both denotative and connotative meanings related to moral and social values. Furthermore, the song lyrics have strong potential as contextual learning materials because they help students understand language styles and meanings in real-life contexts while also increasing students’ interest in learning.
TBLT -Based Active Speaking Textbook Design to Improve Speaking Ability of PAI Students
This study aims to design an Active Speaking textbook based on Task-Based Language Teaching (TBLT) to enhance the speaking skills of Islamic Education (PAI) students at IAIDU Asahan. The TBLT approach promotes the use of authentic and meaningful tasks that reflect real-life communication, encouraging active participation, collaboration, and practical language use. However, the limited availability of contextual learning materials and the continued reliance on conventional teaching methods have hindered the development of students' speaking competence. To address these challenges, the textbook was developed using the ADDIE instructional design model , which consists of five stages: Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, and Evaluation. The study involved identifying students' learning needs, designing the instructional materials, and evaluating the effectiveness of the textbook in improving English-speaking proficiency. The findings are expected to demonstrate that the TBLT-based Active Speaking textbook effectively enhances students' speaking skills by providing authentic communicative tasks and interactive learning experiences. Furthermore, the developed textbook contributes to the advancement of innovative, relevant, and practice-oriented English language instruction, enabling students to communicate, interact, and collaborate effectively in both academic and global contexts. Keywords: Active Speaking Textbook Design, TBLT, ADDIE Model, Speaking Skills, Islamic Education Students, IAIDU Asahan.
Exploring the Implementation of Project-Based Learning in Primary English Classrooms: Insights from Teachers’ and Students’ Perspectives
The implementation of Project-Based Learning (PjBL) in primary English classrooms is important to investigate because it enhances students’ motivation and engagement despite challenges in instructional practices and assessment. This study aims to explore the implementation of Project-Based Learning (PjBL) in primary English classrooms, focusing on planning, implementation, assessment, and the perceptions of teachers and students. This research employed a qualitative approach with a case study design conducted at Bali Kiddy Primary School. The participants consisted of English teachers and fifth-grade students selected through purposive sampling. Data were collected through classroom observations, semi-structured interviews, documentation, and self-reflection journals, and analyzed using the interactive model of data analysis, including data reduction, data display, and conclusion drawing. The findings reveal that PjBL has been implemented with several strengths, particularly in enhancing student motivation, engagement, collaboration, and confidence in using English. Students actively participated in group work and showed positive attitudes toward learning through projects. However, several challenges were identified, including limited alignment in lesson planning, unclear instructional guidance, time constraints, and assessment practices that focus more on final products rather than learning processes. Project-Based Learning has strong potential to improve English learning at the primary level by creating meaningful and student-centered learning experiences. Nevertheless, improvements in planning, instructional clarity, and comprehensive assessment strategies are necessary to optimize its implementation
The Effect Of Monthly Budget Use And Saving Habits On Generation Z's Personal Fund Management
This study aims to analyze the influence of monthly budgeting and saving habits on personal financial management in Generation Z. Personal financial management is an important aspect for Generation Z because this age group is faced with various consumer needs and the development of digital technology that influences financial spending patterns. The use of a monthly budget is understood as an individual's ability to plan and manage income and expenses in a structured manner, while saving habits are defined as the behavior of setting aside a portion of income regularly for future needs. This study uses a quantitative method with data collection techniques through distributing questionnaires to Generation Z respondents from various educational and occupational backgrounds. The data obtained were analyzed using validity tests, reliability tests, classical assumption tests, multiple linear regression, t-tests, F-tests, and coefficients of determination. The results show that the use of a monthly budget and saving habits have a positive and significant effect on personal financial management of Generation Z. Thus, the better the ability to prepare a monthly budget and the more consistent the saving habits, the better the personal financial management carried out by Generation Z
Reconstructing the Islamization of Science to Address Critical Issues in Modern Education
The rapid advancement of science and technology has transformed modern education while simultaneously creating critical challenges related to ethical degradation, epistemological dualism, technological disruption, and the declining integration of moral and spiritual values within educational systems. This study aims to reconstruct the Islamization of science as a contemporary educational paradigm capable of addressing these challenges through the integration of revelation, reason, and empirical scientific inquiry. The study employed a qualitative library research design using a conceptual and analytical approach. Data were collected from classical Islamic scholarship, contemporary books, and peer-reviewed journal articles published primarily between 2020 and 2025. The literature was analyzed using qualitative content analysis through data reduction, thematic categorization, interpretation, and synthesis to formulate an integrative framework for the reconstruction of the Islamization of science. The findings indicate that reconstructing the Islamization of science extends beyond philosophical discourse by providing practical implications for curriculum development, pedagogical innovation, digital literacy, ethical scientific research, and institutional leadership. The reconstructed framework promotes a holistic educational model that integrates scientific competence with ethical responsibility, spiritual awareness, environmental stewardship, and social justice. Furthermore, it encourages interdisciplinary collaboration and responsible technological innovation while preserving scientific rigor and academic excellence. The study concludes that the reconstruction of the Islamization of science offers a sustainable educational paradigm capable of producing graduates who are intellectually competent, morally responsible, spiritually grounded, and globally competitive in addressing the increasingly complex challenges of the twenty-first century.
Implementation of the Think Pair Share (TPS) Learning Model with the Assistance of Powerpoint Media in Science Learning for Fifth Grade Elementary School Students
Learning is an interactive process between students, educators, and the learning environment to acquire knowledge, skills, understanding, and shape behavior changes according to learning goals. This study aims to determine the application of the Think Pair Share (TPS) learning model with the help of PowerPoint (PPT) media in science learning for fifth-grade students of SD Negeri I Pedang. This study uses a quantitative approach with the Pre-Experiment Design method and One Group Pretest-Posttest Design. The population and sample in this study amounted to 14 fifth-grade students of SD Negeri I Pedang, determined by saturated sampling techniques. Data collection techniques used include observation, interviews, documentation, and tests. Data analysis was carried out to determine student learning outcomes through calculating the average, standard deviation, normality testing using the Chi-Square test, and hypothesis testing using the T test at a significance level of 0.05. The results showed that the average pre-test score of students was 50, increasing to 81.35 in the post-test. The results of the hypothesis test obtained Thitung ≥ Ttabel (6.41 ≥ 1.77) so that Ho was rejected and Ha was accepted. Thus, it can be concluded that the application of the Think Pair Share (TPS) learning model with the assistance of PowerPoint (PPT) media in science learning for class V of SD Negeri I Pedang can be implemented well and is significantly able to achieve the Learning Objective Achievement Criteria (KKTP).
The The Effect of Interactive Mathematics Learning Media to Improve Students' Learning Independence
Learning independence is one of the important abilities that students must have in learning mathematics. However, the level of student learning independence still needs to be improved through the use of innovative learning media. This study aims to determine the effect of interactive mathematics learning media on student learning independence. This study used a quantitative approach with a One Group Pretest–Posttest design. The research sample consisted of 15 students of the Mathematics Education Study Program, Nahdlatul Ulama University, Lampung. Data were collected using a learning independence questionnaire consisting of 25 statements. Data analysis included descriptive statistics, N-Gain, and Effect Size (Cohen's d). The results showed that all indicators of learning independence increased after the use of interactive learning media. The N-Gain value of 0.5198 is included in the moderate category, while the Effect Size value indicates a large influence. Thus, interactive mathematics learning media is effective for improving student learning independence.
Improving Students' Reading Skills Through the Use of the Storytelling Method in Elementary School Students
One of the basic competencies that must be developed in elementary school is language skills which include listening, speaking, reading, and writing. This study aims to improve students' reading skills through the use of the storytelling method in grade III students at SDN 42 Limpomajang, Palopo City. This type of research is class action research (PTK). The subjects in this study are grade III students totaling 10 students. The research instruments used were reading tests, observation of learning implementation, and observation of student activities. The data analysis technique used is quantitative descriptive. The results of the study show that the average test score on students' reading skills increased through the use of the storytelling method in grade III of SDN 42 Limpomajang, Palopo City, where the increase that occurred from cycle I to cycle II was 20% This is evidenced by the results of the research where the first cycle obtained student learning outcomes by 60% and the second cycle obtained learning outcomes by 80%.
Comparative Analysis of the Influence of Verbal and Nonverbal Reprimands in Enforcing Discipline of Grade VI Students
Financial Performance represents the achievement of an entity's overall operational activities measured through financial indicators within a specific period. This research aims to comparatively analyze the effect of verbal and nonverbal reprimands on enforcing student discipline in Grade VI at SDN 6 Masbagik Selatan. Employing a quantitative associative and comparative approach, this study involved a sample of 35 students selected through simple random sampling. Data were collected via questionnaires using a 4-point Likert scale, observation, and documentation. The data analysis included validity and reliability tests, classical assumption tests, multiple linear regression, t-tests, F-tests, and the coefficient of determination (R²). The findings reveal that verbal reprimands have a positive and significant effect on student discipline (t-count = 3.218 > t-table = 2.037), as explicit verbal communication provides clear stimuli for behavior correction. Conversely, nonverbal reprimands do not significantly affect discipline (t-count = -1.084 < t-table = 2.037), largely due to elementary students' limitations in interpreting symbolic or implicit gestures. Simultaneously, both variables account for a 52.5% variance in student discipline. The study concludes that educators should prioritize constructive verbal reprimands while utilizing nonverbal cues only assupplementary reinforcements to effectively foster student discipline.
Islamic Guidance and Counseling in the Digital Era: Strategies to Strengthen the Mental Health and Spirituality of the Younger Generation
The development of digital technology has brought major changes to communication patterns, social behavior, and the psychological condition of society, particularly the younger generation. Easier access to information and social networks offers considerable benefits, yet it also gives rise to problems such as anxiety, identity crisis, loneliness, digital addiction, and the erosion of spiritual values. This article aims to examine the role and strategies of Islamic guidance and counseling in responding to the mental health and spiritual challenges of young people in the digital era. This study employs a qualitative approach using the library research method on classical and contemporary literature relevant to Islamic guidance and counseling, Islamic psychology, and digital social phenomena. The findings show that Islamic guidance and counseling remain highly relevant through the integration of Qur'anic and Hadith values with modern counseling approaches, the utilization of digital media as a da'wah medium, character strengthening, and synergy among families, educational institutions, and religious counselors. This article is expected to serve as both an academic and practical reference for counselors, religious counselors, and Islamic educators in designing guidance models that are adaptive to the times.
Peningkatan Kreativitas Siswa Dengan Pemanfaatan Barang Bekas Melalui Project Based Learning Kelas III B SDN 231 Padang Assompereng Kabupaten Luwu)
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui peningkatan kreativitas siswa melaluipenerapan model pembelajaran Project Based Learning (PjBL) dengan pemanfaatanbarang bekas pada siswa kelas III B SDN 231 Padang Assompereng Kabupaten Luwu. Penelitian ini merupakan Penelitian Tindakan Kelas (PTK) yang dilaksanakan dalamdua siklus, meliputi tahap perencanaan, pelaksanaan tindakan, observasi, dan refleksi. Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan observasi dan tes dengan instrumen berupalembar observasi keterlaksanaan pembelajaran, lembar observasi aktivitas siswa, dan lembar penilaian kreativitas siswa. Data dianalisis menggunakan analisis deskriptifkuantitatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penerapan model Project Based Learning (PjBL) melalui pemanfaatan barang bekas mampu meningkatkan kreativitassiswa secara signifikan. Pada Siklus I, ketuntasan kreativitas mencapai 62% (13 siswa) dengan nilai rata-rata 69, sehingga indikator keberhasilan belum tercapai. Setelahdilakukan perbaikan pembelajaran pada Siklus II, ketuntasan meningkat menjadi 100% dengan nilai rata-rata 84, menunjukkan seluruh siswa telah mencapai indikatorkeberhasilan pada kategori sangat kreatif. Dengan demikian, penerapan model Project Based Learning (PjBL) melalui pemanfaatan barang bekas efektif dalam meningkatkankreativitas siswa kelas III B SDN 231 Padang Assompereng Kabupaten Luwu.
The Implementation of Discipline in Fostering a Sense of Responsibility in Children Aged 5–6 Years in Class K5B at Shining Kids School, Palangka Raya City
Social Competence of Islamic Religious Education Teachers in Shaping the Honest Character of Elementary School Students
This study is grounded in the persistence of dishonest behavior among elementary school students, such as cheating, concealing mistakes, and manipulating information, while the social interaction of Islamic Religious Education (PAI) teachers has not been fully dialogic, empathetic, and well directed. This study aims to describe the level of PAI teachers' social competence, analyze the process of shaping students' honest character, identify supporting and inhibiting factors, and formulate the role of PAI teachers' social competence in shaping students' honest character at SDN 002 North Bontang. This research employs a qualitative approach with a case study design. Data were collected through participatory observation, in-depth interviews with the principal, homeroom teachers, PAI teachers, and fourth-to-sixth grade students, as well as documentation study. Data were analyzed through data reduction, data display, and conclusion drawing, with validity tested through credibility, transferability, dependability, and confirmability. The findings show that PAI teachers' social competence is reflected in five dimensions: communicative, collaborative, adaptive, participatory, and relational abilities. These dimensions significantly contribute to shaping students' honesty in speech, action, learning, trustworthiness, and awareness of divine supervision. The main supporting factors include teacher role modeling, principal support, parental collaboration, and students' spiritual awareness, while inhibiting factors include limited time, peer influence, and digital-era challenges. This study affirms that strengthening honest character requires sustained synergy among schools, teachers, and families.
The Improving Reading Literacy through the GUIDED READING Learning Model of Indonesian Language Subjects in Elementary School Students
The classroom action research conducted by this study aims to solve the problem of students' lack of reading literacy by using the guided reading learning model in grade II students at SDN 42 Limpomajang, Palopo City. The subjects of this study were 10 students with details of 5 male students and 5 female students. The data analysis technique used is quantitative descriptive. Based on the test results obtained by applying the guided reading learning model, it is proven to be able to increase students' reading literacy. This is proven to meet the success indicators, namely 90% of students or 9 out of 10 students get a score of ≥73 in accordance with the KKTP. In addition, student learning activities are classified as very active and the implementation of learning is also in the category of very implemented. Since the success indicators have been achieved in cycle I, the research is not continued to the next cycle. Thus, the implementation of the Gided Reading learning model was declared successful in improving students' reading literacy.
Optimizing Student-Centered Learning to Enhance Student Engagement in Christian Religious Education Classes (Grade X) at SMKN 2 Palangka Raya
Improving Students' Speaking Skills Through the Use of the ROLEPLAYING Learning Model in Elementary School Students
Indonesian is a subject that plays an important role in developing students' language skills, including listening, speaking, reading, and writing. This study aims to improve students' speaking skills through the use of the Role Playing learning model in grade IV students at SDN 42 Limpomajang, Palopo City. This type of research is class action research (PTK). The subjects in this study are grade IV students totaling 10 students. The research instruments used were speech skills performance tests, observation of learning implementation, and observation of student activities. The data analysis technique used is descriptive quantitative. The results of the study showed that the average test score on students' speaking skills increased through the use of the role playing learning model in grade IV of SDN 42 Limpomajang, Palopo City, where the increase that occurred from cycle I to cycle II was 20%. This is evidenced by the results of the research where the first cycle obtained 60% of student learning outcomes and the second cycle obtained 80% of the learning outcomes. The learning implementation process showed an increase where the average value of the percentage of learning implementation was 91.25% (Very Good) in the first cycle to 100% (Very Good), which was accompanied by an increase in student activities to reach the very active category.
The Moral View of Islamic Education in the Book "Religious Logic: The Position of Revelation and the Limits of Reason in Islam" by M. Quraish Shihab
The moral decline among students in the modern era shows the importance of strengthening moral education based on Islamic values. One of the fundamental problems in Islamic moral education is the relationship between revelation and reason as a source of determining moral values. This research aims to find out and describe how the moral view of Islamic education in the book of religious logic. This research uses a philosophy of religion approach with the type of library research. The primary data source is in the form of the book Religious Logic by M. Quraish Shihab, while secondary data is obtained from various relevant books, journals, and literature. The data collection technique was carried out through documentation studies and literature review. Data analysis uses the content analysis method. The results of the study show that the morality of Islamic education is built on a harmonious relationship between revelation and reason. Revelation is positioned as the main source of moral values, while reason functions to understand, develop, and actualize these values in life. The findings of the study reveal five main aspects, namely revelation-based morality, the role of reason in moral formation, the integration of revelation and reason, education as a means of character formation, and the relevance of Islamic morality to modern challenges. M. Quraish Shihab's thinking offers an integrative, moderate, and contextual moral education paradigm, so that it is able to answer the needs of Islamic education in forming students who are moral, critical, and responsible.
Analysis of Grade X MA Students’ Mathematical Difficulties in Solving SPLTV Contextual Problems through Group Discussion
Students’ mathematical difficulties in solving contaxtual problems on the topic of Systems of Linear Equations with Three Variables (SPLTV) remain an issue theat requires further study, particularly as viewed through the lens of the group discussion process undertaken by students. This study aims to analyze the types and characteristics of mathematical difficulties experienced by 10th-grade students in solving contextual problems involving SPLTV, as observed through homogeneous and hererogeneous group discussions. The study employed a descriptive qualitative approach with 21 student from MA Hasyim Asy’ari Lbruk Kidul Lumajang as subjects, divide into six discussion groups: three homogeneous groups (low, moderate, and high difficulties categories) and three heterogeneous group. Data were collected through the Contextual Probblem Solving (TPK), in depth interviews, observations, and documentation, and were then analyzed through data reduction, data presentation, and drawing conclusions. The results showed that students experienced three types of mathematical difficulties: conceptual, procedural, and representational. The group with active discussion experienced only mild representational difficulties, where as the group categorized as having high difficulty scores-whose discussions were less active-experienced all three types of difficulties are more influenced by the quality of their enggagement in group discussions than by their initial ability categories; thus,active group discussions play a crucial role in reducing students’ mathematical difficulties with the SPLTV matrial.
Improving Student Learning Outcomes through the Use of the PQ4R Method Assisted by Powtoon Animation Video Media in Social Science Learning
Natural and Social Sciences (IPAS) is a course that is the result of the integration of Natural Sciences (IPA) and Social Sciences (IPS) which aims to help students understand the relationship between the natural and social environment in an integrated manner. This study aims to describe the improvement of learning outcomes of science students in grade IV of SDN 188 Barru, Barru Regency through the application of the PQ4R method assisted by Powtoon animation video media. This research is a Class Action (PTK) research conducted in Binuang Village, Balusu District, Barru Regency. The research subjects amounted to 9 students in grade IV. Data was collected through observation tests and learning outcomes using instruments in the form of observation sheets for learning implementation, observation sheets for student activities, and learning outcome tests. The results of the study showed an increase in learning implementation, student activities, and learning outcomes in each cycle. In Cycle I, the implementation of learning and student activities each reached 83% with the very good category, while the completeness of learning outcomes reached 33% with an average score of 56 (low category). After improvements were made in Cycle II, the implementation of learning and student activities increased to 97.3% with the very good category, while the completeness of learning outcomes increased to 77% with an average score of 74 (high category). Thus, the application of the PQ4R method fostered by Powtoon animation video media has been proven to improve the learning outcomes of fourth grade IPAS students of SDN 188 Barru, Barru Regency.
The Impact of Interpersonal Communication and Organizational Climate on Early Childhood Education Teacher Performance: A Path Analysis in Pandeglang Regency
This study aims to comprehensively analyze and describe the impact of interpersonal communication and organizational climate on the performance of Early Childhood Education (PAUD) teachers in the Pandeglang region. This study departs from the urgency of understanding how interactions between educators and perceptions of the work environment can influence professionalism and work effectiveness. By adopting a causal associative quantitative research design, this study uses path analysis techniques to examine the relationship between variables. The study population involved 102 PAUD teacher respondents selected through cluster random sampling techniques. All data collected using survey instruments were analyzed and analyzed in depth using the Analysis of Moment Structural (AMOS) program version 21. The results show that there is a direct and significant influence of interpersonal communication on organizational climate, as well as a positive influence of organizational climate on the performance of PAUD teachers in the Pandeglang region. Empirical findings confirm that organizational climate plays a major role in achieving performance, with a correlation coefficient of 0.612 and a path coefficient of 0.442. This indicates that the synergy between open interpersonal communication and a conducive organizational climate is a fundamental prerequisite for improving educator professionalism. Managerial transformation based on strengthening the work climate has been proven to create a more productive and competitive educational environment.
Developing Science Picture Cards for Conceptual Understanding in 5-6 Year Old Children
This study is motivated by the low level of science concept understanding among children aged 5–6 years due to the dominance of teacher-centered and verbalistic learning approaches. The main objective of this research is to develop a constructivism-based picture card media that is effective in improving children’s understanding of science concepts. The method employed is Research and Development (R&D) using the 4D model (Define, Design, Develop, Disseminate). The research subjects involved 15 children from group B at RA Al-Aziziyah Kapek, West Lombok. The results indicate that the developed media achieved a very high level of validity based on expert evaluations (96% for material experts and 92% for media experts). The practicality of the media is also categorized as very good, with a teacher response score of 94%, particularly in terms of ease of use and its ability to engage children. In terms of effectiveness, there is a significant improvement in children’s science concept understanding, as evidenced by the Paired Sample T-Test results (sig. 0.000 < 0.05), with the mean score increasing from 9.87 to 15.93 and an N-Gain score of 0.60 (moderate category). Therefore, the constructivism-based picture card media is proven to be effective in enhancing science concept understanding in early childhood.
Implementation of In-Depth Learning Methods in Christian Religious Education Learning for Grade XII
The rapid advancement of educational paradigms in the digital era requires teachers to implement innovative instructional approaches that promote meaningful and student-centered learning. This study aims to explore the implementation of the Deep Learning method in Christian Religious Education (CRE) learning for Grade XII students at SMA Negeri 1 Palangka Raya and examine its impact on students' critical thinking, spiritual growth, and learning engagement. This research employed a qualitative descriptive approach involving Christian Religious Education teachers and Grade XII students selected through purposive sampling. Data were collected through classroom observations, semi-structured interviews, and documentation studies, and were analyzed using the interactive model of Miles, Huberman, and Saldaña. The findings reveal that the Deep Learning method successfully transformed conventional teacher-centered instruction into meaningful learning experiences characterized by inquiry, collaboration, reflection, contextual problem-solving, and authentic assessment. The implementation of this method significantly enhanced students' critical thinking abilities, communication skills, collaborative competence, spiritual awareness, and active participation in classroom activities. Students demonstrated greater ability to relate biblical teachings to contemporary social issues and personal experiences. Despite challenges such as differences in students' readiness and limited instructional time, continuous teacher facilitation effectively supported successful implementation. Therefore, the Deep Learning method represents an effective pedagogical approach for improving the quality of Christian Religious Education and supporting the objectives of the Merdeka Curriculum in Indonesian secondary education.
Development of Discipline-Based Character Education Media on the Learning Outcomes of Fifth-Grade Students
The limited use of learning media in schools has hindered the effective implementation of learning, particularly in integrating discipline character education. Therefore, developing learning media is expected to support the implementation of discipline character education while improving students' mathematics learning outcomes. This study aimed to develop learning media based on discipline character education that meet the criteria of validity, practicality, and effectiveness. The study employed the Research and Development (R&D) method using the 4-D development model, consisting of the define, design, develop, and dissemination stages. The development process included media design, expert validation, and field testing. The results showed that the media and design validation achieved an average score of 3.86, while the material validation obtained an average score of 3.75, both categorized as highly valid. The effectiveness test yielded a score of 94.73%, indicating that the media were highly effective, whereas the practicality test based on students' responses reached 93%, indicating that the media were highly practical. These findings demonstrate that the developed learning media based on discipline character education are valid, practical, and effective for improving mathematics learning among fifth-grade students at SD Negeri 203 Bongkamanu.
The The Influence of Learning Facilities, Learning Motivation, Study Discipline, and Parental and Peer Support on Student Academic Achievement
This study aims to analyze the influence of learning facilities, learning motivation, learning discipline, parental support, and peers on the academic achievement of Grade X AKL students in the Basic Accounting subject at SMK N 2 Padang, both directly and indirectly through learning motivation and learning discipline as intervening variables. The study employs a quantitative approach using descriptive and associative methods. The research population consists of all Grade X AKL students, with a sample size of 106 respondents. Data analysis includes path analysis and hypothesis testing (t-test) using SPSS version 25. The results indicate that learning facilities have a positive and significant effect on learning motivation but no effect on learning discipline; parental support has no effect on learning motivation but has a positive and significant effect on learning discipline; peers have a positive and significant effect on learning motivation but no effect on learning discipline; learning motivation has a positive and significant effect on learning discipline; learning discipline has a positive and significant effect on learning motivation; learning facilities have no effect on academic achievement; parental support has no effect on student academic achievement; peers have a positive and significant effect on student academic achievement; learning motivation has a positive and significant effect on student academic achievement; and learning discipline has no effect on student academic achievement.
Development of Animated Video Media Based on Local Wisdom in Pancasila Education Learning for Grade IV Students
Education is a fundamental and invaluable human need. This study aims to develop a valid, practical, and effective Local Wisdom-based Animation Video media in Pancasila Education learning for grade IV of SDN 3 Lubuklinggau. This type of research is Research and Development with the ADDIE development model. The subjects of this study were grade IV students of SDN 3 Lubuklinggau. Data collection techniques used observation, interviews, questionnaires, tests and documentation. Based on the results of the validity analysis of the Local Wisdom-based Animation Video media on how to appreciate cultural diversity in Indonesia using Aiken's V, the assessment of the language validator was 0.94, the media validator was 0.98, and the material validator was 0.96, meeting the validity criteria. Analysis of the teacher and student practicality sheet assessments showed that the Local Wisdom-based Animation Video media met the very practical criteria with an average score of 82%. Then the effectiveness assessment analysis obtained an average N-Gain score of 0.80 with a high category. Based on the research results, it can be concluded that the Local Wisdom-based Animation Video media is proven to be valid, practical, and effective so that it is suitable for use in the material of chapter 4 How to Appreciate Cultural Diversity in Indonesia for grade IV of SDN 3 Lubuklinggau.
Strategic Repositioning of the Islamic Education Management Study Program at PTKI: Integration of Results-Based Quality Management to Enhance Graduate Competitiveness
This study examines efforts to reposition the Islamic Education Management (MPI) Study Program within the Islamic Religious Higher Education (PTKI) ecosystem through a strategic review of national regulations and curriculum adaptability to workplace demands. This research aims to formulate strategic steps to align the curriculum and quality management practices with industry needs to improve graduate competitiveness. Although the MPI curriculum development has referred to the Indonesian National Qualifications Framework (KKNI) and Graduate Learning Outcomes (CPL), tracer study data still shows low absorption of graduates into managerial positions and relevant educational fields. Meanwhile, DIKTIS policies, such as the PTKI Curriculum Guide and KMA No. 347/2022, have established quality standards, but their implementation remains hampered by structural and cultural barriers at the study program level. Using literature study methods and institutional policy analysis through official documents and empirical data from several PTKIN, this study finds an urgent need for a paradigm shift from administrative management to outcome-based quality management supported by cross-sector collaboration. The repositioning of MPI demands the presence of an adaptive curriculum, strategic partnerships with the industrial world, and the active role of DIKTIS as a solution-oriented policy facilitator.
Implementation of Islamic Educational Management through Boarding-Based Student Development to Realize an Effective Madrasah
The development of education in Indonesia is experiencing increasing change and progress, particularly in Islamic-based educational institutions such as madrasas. This study aims to examine in-depth the governance of student development in a boarding school-based education model as an effort to realize an effective and superior Madrasah Aliyah Negeri 2 Tangerang. Using a descriptive qualitative approach, data were collected through in-depth interviews, non-participant observation, and documentation studies. The data analysis process followed the interactive framework of Miles, Huberman, and Saldana, which includes data condensation, data presentation, and drawing conclusions, with validity guaranteed through triangulation of sources and techniques. The research findings indicate that the implementation of managerial functions including planning, organizing, mobilizing, and supervising has been harmoniously integrated with the principles of school-based management. This synergy has been proven to create an educational ecosystem conducive to optimizing student potential. This managerial transformation has had a substantial impact on improving academic and non-academic achievements, strengthening students' disciplined, religious, and independent character, and strengthening the image and public trust in the institution. To ensure sustainable quality, this study recommends a comprehensive strategic approach to addressing managerial obstacles, particularly related to strengthening budget allocation, improving coordination, and developing the competencies of boarding school supervisors. Theoretically and practically, this research confirms the significance of transforming boarding school-based student development management in accelerating the achievement of highly competitive madrasahs
The Influence of Academic Supervision of Teachers by the Principal on the Improvement of Learning Outcomes
Improving the quality of basic education is largely determined by the quality of the learning process taking place in the classroom. This study aims to analyze the influence of academic supervision of teachers by the principal on improving learning outcomes at Tlogomulyo Public Elementary School. The study used a quantitative approach with an ex post facto type. The study population was all teachers at Tlogomulyo Public Elementary School, with a saturated sampling technique so that the entire population became respondents. Data were collected through a questionnaire to measure the principal's academic supervision and documentation of learning outcomes as indicators of the dependent variable. Data were analyzed using simple linear regression after first undergoing validity, reliability, normality, and linearity tests. The results showed that academic supervision of teachers by the principal had a positive and significant effect on improving learning outcomes at Tlogomulyo Public Elementary School. Academic supervision implemented through planning, classroom observation, providing feedback, and follow-up coaching was able to improve teachers' pedagogical competence, improve the quality of the learning process, and encourage teachers to be more reflective and innovative in teaching. This improvement in the quality of learning has an impact on improving student learning outcomes, both in terms of activeness, understanding of the material, and academic achievement. Thus, academic supervision by the principal has proven to be an important factor in improving the quality of learning in elementary schools.
Compliance and Violation of the Principles of Politeness in the Marlo-Keisya Podcast: "Don't Want It to End" on the Cataisee YouTube Channel
Politeness in language is an important thing that needs to be considered when communicating so as not to cause hurt, disappointment or feel disadvantaged. This research aims to find out the principle of linguistic politeness and the violation of the principle of linguistic politeness which is validly studied in academic studies. The method used in this study is qualitative descriptive. The analysis was carried out using the theory of politeness according to Leech which put forward six principles, namely the maxim of wisdom, the maxim of generosity, the maxim of praise, the maxim of humility, the maxim of agreement, and the maxim of sympathy as well as the form of violation of linguistic politeness, namely the violation of the maxim of wisdom, the violation of the maxim of generosity, the violation of the maxim of praise, the violation of the maxim of humility, the violation of the maxim of agreement and the violation of the maxim of sympathy. The data was obtained through the technique of watching and recording. Based on the results of the study, there were 51 conversations that complied with or violated language politeness. Compliance totaled 20 data with details: (1) 3 Maxim Wisdom Data, (2) 1 Maxim Generosity Data, (3) 7 Maxim Praise Data, (4) 5 Maximal Humble Data, (5) 3 Maximal Consensus Data, and (5) 1 Maximal Sympathy Data. A number of politeness violations were found. 31 data with details: (1) 6 data on violations of the maximum of wisdom, (2) 1 data on violations of the maximum of generosity, (3) 7 data of violations of the maximum of praise, (4) 0 data of violations of the maximum of humility, (5) 13 data of violations of the maximum of agreements, (6) 4 data of violations of the maximum of sympathy.
Forms of Presupposition and Construction of Ideological Meaning in the Controversial News of the Animated Film "Merah Putih: One for All" on the Cnn Indonesia YouTube Channel
One of the important studies in pragmatics is presupposition or presupposition. This study aims to identify the form of presumption and analyze the role of presumption in constructing the meaning of ideology in the controversial news of the animated film Merah Putih: One for All on the CNN Indonesia YouTube channel. The method used in this study is qualitative descriptive. Data analysis using Yule presumption theory includes existential, factual, lexical, structural, nonfactual, and counterfactual presumptions as well as Van Dijk's critical discourse analysis theory which includes macro, superstructure, and microstructure structures. Data was obtained using the free participation (SBLC) technique. Based on the results of the study, six forms of presumption were found, namely (13) existential presumption, (11) factual presumption, (1) lexical presumption, (1) structural presumption, (1) nonfactual presumption, and (1) confactual presumption. These preconceptions not only serve as an implicit linguistic element, but also play a role in building ideological constructions in the news. The emerging ideologies are (2) the ideology of mutual cooperation, (3) the ideology of nationalism, (4) the ideology of democracy, (2) the ideology of education, (1) the ideology of legitimacy, and (16) the ideology of professionalism which is built through discourse strategies at the macro, superstructure, and microstructure levels.
The Effect of Burpee Training on Improving 50-Meter Breaststroke Speed in Youth Club Athletes at Noren Tirta Buana
Swimming is an aquatic sport that demands technical skill, physical condition, and coordination to achieve optimal performance. This study aims to determine the effect of burpees training on increasing the 50-meter breaststroke swimming speed of youth athletes at Club Noren Tirta Buana. The study used an experimental method with a two-group pretest-posttest design. The study sample consisted of 20 youth athletes selected using purposive sampling techniques and divided into an experimental group and a control group of 10 people each. The experimental group was given burpees training for four weeks with a frequency of three times a week, while the control group underwent regular swimming training without burpees training. The research instrument used a 50-meter breaststroke swimming test measured using a digital stopwatch. Data analysis was carried out through normality tests, homogeneity tests, and t-tests at a significance level of 5%. The results showed that the experimental group experienced a better increase in swimming speed compared to the control group. The average value of the swimming time after treatment decreased, indicating an increase in swimming performance. The results of the hypothesis test showed a significant effect of burpees training on increasing the 50-meter breaststroke swimming speed of youth athletes at Club Noren Tirta Buana. Based on the research results, it can be concluded that burpees training is effective as a physical training method to increase the speed of 50-meter breaststroke swimming because it can increase leg muscle strength, explosive power, motor coordination, and muscle endurance which supports athlete performance when swimming.
The Influence of the Problem-Based Contextual Teaching and Learning (CTL) Method on the PAK Learning Outcomes of Class VIII Students
Christian Religious Education (CRE) has an important role in shaping students’ moral character, spiritual awareness, and value-based decision-making in school life. This study aimed to determine the effect of the Problem-Based Contextual Teaching and Learning (CTL) method on the learning outcomes of Christian Religious Education (CRE) and to examine the differences in learning outcomes between students taught using the Problem-Based CTL method and those taught using the conventional lecture method among eighth-grade students at SMP Kristen Palangka Raya. This research employed a quantitative approach using a quasi-experimental design with a nonequivalent control group design. The sample consisted of 30 students, divided equally into an experimental class and a control class. Data were collected through observation, documentation, pre-tests, and post-tests, and were analyzed using descriptive statistics, normality and homogeneity tests, and the Independent Sample *t*-Test with the assistance of SPSS version 26. The findings revealed that the experimental class achieved a higher mean post-test score (83.13) than the control class (69.80). The Independent Sample *t*-Test produced a significance value of 0.000 (<0.05), indicating that the Problem-Based CTL method had a statistically significant positive effect on students' Christian Religious Education learning outcomes and that students taught using the Problem-Based CTL method performed significantly better than those taught through the lecture method. The results indicate that contextual and problem-based learning promotes active participation, critical thinking, meaningful learning, and the ability to connect biblical concepts with real-life situations, thereby improving students' cognitive achievement.
The Role of Islamic Religious Education in Shaping the Character of Elementary School Students in the Digital Era: A Case Study at SDN 010 Bontang Utara
The rapid advancement of digital technology has the potential to erode the character and morality of elementary school students through exposure to negative content on social media, particularly when not counterbalanced by a strong foundation of Islamic Religious Education (IRE). This study aims to analyze the role of IRE in shaping students' character, to identify shifts in student character in the digital era, and to explore students' experiences in participating in IRE learning at SDN 010 Bontang Utara. This study employs a qualitative approach with a case study design. Data were collected through participatory observation, in-depth interviews with the principal, IRE teachers, homeroom teachers, students, parents, education staff, and the school committee, and documentation study. Data were analyzed through data reduction, data display, and conclusion drawing, with trustworthiness established through credibility, transferability, dependability, and confirmability. The results indicate that IRE at SDN 010 Bontang Utara has contributed meaningfully to instilling values of honesty, responsibility, patience, empathy, and humility through methods adapted to grade levels, ranging from habituation and modelling in lower grades to reflective-dialogical approaches in upper grades. However, its effectiveness is still constrained by intense exposure to negative digital content, which triggers character shifts such as the use of coarse language, declining manners, and digital bullying, particularly among upper-grade students. Students' learning experiences of IRE are generally positive, yet a gap remains between instructional content and the digital realities students face daily. This study recommends strengthening a more contextual, adaptive, and digitally literate approach to IRE grounded in Islamic values, alongside closer synergy among teachers, parents, and the school ecosystem as a moral safeguard for the digital generation.
Classroom Teachers' Strategies in Instilling the Value of Religious Tolerance Based on Islamic Teachings to Elementary School Students: A Case Study at SD Negeri 006 Bontang Utara
Religious tolerance is a fundamental character value that should be cultivated from elementary education, particularly in Indonesia's multicultural society. This study aims to analyze students' religious tolerance attitudes, identify teachers' strategies for internalizing tolerance values based on Islamic teachings, and examine the challenges and solutions encountered at SD Negeri 006 Bontang Utara. A qualitative descriptive case study approach was employed. Data were collected through participant observation, unstructured interviews, and documentation involving eight informants, including the principal, one Islamic Religious Education teacher, and six classroom teachers. Data were analyzed using the Miles and Huberman model, while trustworthiness was ensured through credibility, transferability, dependability, and confirmability. The findings indicate that students generally demonstrate passive tolerance, characterized by religion-based peer grouping and discriminatory behaviors that become more complex across grade levels. Teachers promote tolerance through role modeling, habituation, reflective discussions, project-based learning, heterogeneous grouping, and inclusive prayer activities. However, implementation remains fragmented due to exclusive family influences, limited teaching materials, and inconsistent teacher practices. The study recommends institutional guidelines, professional learning communities, and stronger school–parent collaboration to foster sustainable religious tolerance.
Analysis of Teachers' Efforts to Apply Gamification Methods in Learning Christian Religious Education for Grade V
Education plays a crucial role in developing students’ knowledge, character, behavior, and skills in accordance with the demands of the modern era. This study aims to describe the implementation of gamification in Christian Religious Education learning and the teacher’s efforts to evaluate student learning outcomes in fifth-grade students at SD Negeri 1 Panarung. The research employed a qualitative descriptive method with data collected through observation, interviews, and documentation involving one Christian Religious Education teacher and fifth-grade students. The findings reveal that gamification was implemented through careful lesson planning and the integration of game elements such as points, rewards, quizzes, educational games, and Superbook videos to create a more interactive, enjoyable, and meaningful learning environment. The teacher used gamification not only to increase students’ motivation, participation, and understanding of the material, but also to maintain the spiritual and moral objectives of Christian Religious Education. In evaluating learning outcomes, the teacher applied continuous and process-oriented assessment through quizzes, oral questioning, classroom observation, group activities, and direct feedback in the form of points and rewards. The evaluation covered students’ cognitive understanding, memory of the lesson, classroom engagement, confidence, cooperation, and enthusiasm during the learning process.
Implementation of Literacy Tree Media In Improving Elementary School Students' Indonesian Language Learning Outcomes
This study aims to improve Indonesian language learning outcomes by implementing the Literacy Tree model for fourth-grade students at Ponjalae Elementary School 7, Palopo City. This study is a Classroom Action Research (CAR) conducted at Ponjalae Elementary School 7, Palopo City. This classroom action research was conducted in cycles, consisting of Cycle I and Cycle II. The subjects in this study were 22 fourth-grade students. Data collection techniques used included tests, learning implementation observation sheets, and student activity observation sheets. The results of this study indicate that after two cycles of intervention, the average score of the Indonesian language learning outcome test using the Literacy Tree media for fourth-grade students at Elementary School 7 Ponjalae, Palopo City, increased in cycle I, resulting in an average individual score of 70.18 with a classical completion percentage of 63.64%. In cycle II, the average individual score was 88.4 with a classical completion percentage of 86.4%, an increase from cycle I. Therefore, it can be concluded that implementing the Literacy Tree media can improve the Indonesian language learning outcomes of fourth-grade students at Elementary School 7 Ponjalae, Palopo City.
Improving Early Reading Skills Using Illustrated Syllable Cardsamong First-Grade Students
Initial reading skills are basic skills that must be mastered by elementary school students because they are the foundation for acquiring knowledge at the next level of learning. The results of initial observations in grade I of SDN 110 Saele, East Luwu Regency show that students' initial reading ability is still low, characterized by difficulty recognizing letters, pronouncing syllables, and stringing syllables into simple words. This research aims to improve students' initial reading ability through the use of illustrated syllable card media. The research uses the Classroom Action Research (PTK) method with the Kemmis and McTaggart models which is carried out in two cycles, each including the stages of planning, implementation of actions, observation, and reflection. The research subjects were 18 students in grade I of SDN 110 Saele. The data collection technique was carried out through observation and initial reading tests, while the data was analyzed descriptively quantitatively. The results of the study show that the use of illustrated syllable card media is able to improve students' initial reading ability as shown by increasing student activity during learning, better learning implementation, and increasing the completeness of learning outcomes to achieve the set success indicators. Thus, the medium of illustrated syllable cards is effectively used as an alternative learning medium to improve the initial reading ability of elementary school grade I students.
Principal Management Strategies for Enhancing Teachers' Digital Literacy and the Quality of Instruction
The transformation of education in the digital era requires elementary schools to no longer focus solely on conventional academic achievement but also on strengthening the digital competencies of all school members, especially teachers as the primary implementers of the learning process. This study aims to analyze the principal's management strategies in improving teachers' digital literacy and the quality of learning at SD Negeri 2 Purwojati Kertek Wonosobo. The study used a qualitative approach with a descriptive type. The research subjects included the principal, teachers, and related parties at the school. Data collection techniques were carried out through observation, interviews, and documentation, while data analysis used an interactive model that includes data reduction, data presentation, and drawing conclusions. The results showed that the principal's strategies were implemented through planning digital literacy improvement programs, implementing teacher training and mentoring, providing supporting facilities, and supervising and evaluating technology-based learning. The implementation of teacher digital literacy was evident in the use of digital learning media, the use of online learning resources, a variety of learning methods, and technology-based evaluations that contributed to improving the quality of learning. Supporting factors for the principal's strategies included leadership commitment, collaboration between teachers, and the availability of digital resources, while inhibiting factors included teachers' digital skill gaps, limited time, and suboptimal ongoing training. This study concluded that a planned, adaptive, and sustainable principal management strategy plays a significant role in improving teachers' digital literacy and the quality of learning in elementary schools.
Representation of Social Stigma Through Expressive Speech Acts in the Novel "Perkumpulan Anak Luar Negeri" by Grace Tioso
This study examines the representation of social stigma through expressive speech in the novel Perkumpulan Anak Luar Nikah by Grace Tioso. Expressive speech used between characters not only serves as an emotional expression, but also as a means of formation, reproduction, and resistance to social stigma. This research aims to describe the form of expressive speech and analyze the representation of social stigma that is manifested through the speech of the characters in the novel. The method used is qualitative descriptive with a contextual pragmatic approach. Data in the form of speech between characters containing expressive speech was collected through reading and recording techniques, then analyzed using Searle's theory of expressive speech, Goffman's concept of social stigma, and the mechanism of stigma according to Link and Phelan. The results of the study showed that there are four forms of expressive speech, namely mocking, criticizing, complaining, and expressing dislike. The four forms represent social stigma through the mechanisms of labeling, stereotyping, separation, status loss, and discrimination against figures based on their birth status, ethnic identity, and social position. In addition to representing the reproduction of stigma, expressive speech also depicts the psychological impact and resistance of characters to social discrimination. This study confirms that pragmatic studies can reveal the social dimension of language in literary works, as well as show the role of language in shaping and opposing stigmatizing practices in society.
Development of Thematic Monopoly Media to Optimize Early Mathematical Skills in Children Aged 5–6 Years
In early childhood education, mathematics is not merely about introducing numbers. This study aimed to develop, determine the feasibility, and examine the effectiveness of Thematic Monopoly media in optimizing the early mathematics skills of children aged 5–6 years. The research employed a Research and Development (R&D) method using the ADDIE model, which consists of analysis, design, development, implementation, and evaluation stages. The study was conducted at TK Ar-Rahmah, Terkul Village, Rupat District, Bengkalis Regency, Riau Province, involving 16 children in Group B. Data were collected through observation, interviews, validation sheets, teacher response questionnaires, and field trials. The results of the needs analysis showed that the existing learning media for early mathematics were still limited in terms of interactivity, variation, and contextual relevance, thus requiring the development of a more engaging and developmentally appropriate medium. The feasibility of the product was confirmed by expert validation results, with scores of 85% from the material expert, 90% from the media expert, and 95% from the practitioner, all categorized as very valid. Product trials also showed highly positive results, with an average score of 88.3% across individual, small-group, and large-group trials, while teacher responses during limited implementation reached 89.5%, and classroom activity observations reached 81.75%. Furthermore, the findings demonstrated that the use of Thematic Monopoly media had a positive impact on children’s motivation, participation, enthusiasm, and understanding of early mathematical concepts.
Fostering Higher-Order Thinking Skills through Deep Learning in EFL Classrooms: A Teacher’s Perspective
The cultivation of Higher-Order Thinking Skills (HOTS) has emerged as a fundamental priority in modern education, particularly in the context of English as a Foreign Language (EFL) learning. Educational discourse increasingly emphasizes the need for learners to develop analytical, evaluative, and creative capacities that extend beyond the acquisition of linguistic knowledge. Within this framework, deep learning, conceptualized as a pedagogical approach that prioritizes meaningful understanding, inquiry, and active knowledge construction, is widely regarded as an effective pathway for enhancing cognitive engagement. Despite its theoretical appeal, empirical examinations of how deep learning facilitates HOTS in real classroom environments remain relatively scarce, especially when viewed through the lens of teachers’ experiences. This study adopted a qualitative descriptive methodology to investigate the enactment of deep learning practices in an EFL classroom at SMA Negeri 7 Denpasar. Data were obtained through classroom observations, semi-structured interviews with an English teacher, and analysis of instructional documents. Thematic analysis was employed to interpret recurring instructional patterns and cognitive processes. The findings reveal that deep learning strategies, including student-centered activities, inquiry-based questioning, collaborative interaction, and contextualized tasks, were associated with the development of HOTS. These results underscore deep learning’s potential to foster cognitively rich and reflective language learning experiences
Implementation of Organizational Culture in Building Students' Character: A Qualitative Study in Religious-Based Junior High Schools
Organizational culture is one of the key factors determining the success of educational institutions, as it influences the behavior, values, and commitment of all school members. This study aims to describe the implementation of organizational culture in fostering students' character development in religion-based junior high schools. A qualitative approach with a case study design was employed. Data were collected through in-depth interviews with principals and teachers from two junior high schools. Data analysis was conducted using the stages of data reduction, data display, and conclusion drawing. The findings reveal that organizational culture is built upon religious values, character development, discipline, social responsibility, and achievement, which are internalized through leadership role modeling, habitual practices, school programs, and teachers' professional development. Principals play a pivotal role as change agents by conducting supervision, monitoring, evaluation, and providing continuous motivation to all school members. The implementation of organizational culture is supported by effective communication, teachers' commitment, and parental involvement, while challenges arise from differences in family backgrounds, inconsistent implementation of cultural values, and limited resources. The study concludes that a strong organizational culture significantly strengthens character education and contributes to improving overall school quality.