Arduino in STEM Education (2016-2025): Bibliometric Analysis of Research Trends and Collaboration Patterns

Abstract

Arduino is a low-cost open-source microcontroller that allows users to program and interactively control electronic components within an electronic circuit. As the demands of this digital era, Arduino has been applied to the learning process, such as in STEM education. This study aims to map the research landscape of Arduino in STEM education using a bibliometric analysis with data from Scopus database. The total data is 143 documents consist of journals and proceedings published between 2016 and 2025. Biblioshiny and VOSviewer were used for the data analysis including publication trends, leading contributors, international collaboration, and thematic structure.  The results show the filed of arudino in STEM education is growing rapidly with 76.2% documents published from 2020-2025. Conference papers play a big role, reaching for 43% of the documents and the highest citation impact of the dataset. A limited international collaboration was identified from a low overall international co-authorship rate of 12.59%. The thematic analysis revealed Arduino and STEM education as the motor theme or the core of this field, with research moves from technical to pedagogical themes. These findings offer opportunities for further research such as assessment for this media and to support more international collaboration.