Dynamics of Social Change According to Karl Marx (Study of Historical Materialism and Conflict Theory)

Abstract

Karl Marx, a foundational figure in social theory, developed a framework for understanding social change through his concepts of historical materialism and conflict theory. Marx's historical materialism posits that social structures and change are primarily driven by material conditions, particularly the mode of production. Marx’s conflict theory, on the other hand, emphasizes the role of class struggle in shaping societal transformation, arguing that the tensions between the bourgeoisie (capitalist class) and the proletariat (working class) lead to revolutionary change. According to Marx, as contradictions within capitalism deepen, the proletariat will become conscious of their exploitation, ultimately leading to a revolution that replaces capitalism with socialism and, eventually, communism. This article explores the dynamics of social change according to Marx’s theories, focusing on the role of economic structures, class relations, and the inherent conflicts that drive historical transformation. Through an analysis of Marx’s historical materialism and conflict theory, this paper aims to provide a deeper understanding of how social change unfolds and the mechanisms by which capitalist systems may eventually give way to more equitable social orders.